394 
Beekeeping 
Tulip tree ; see Tulip Poplar. 
Tupelo, sour gum, Nyssa spp. Trees to 100 feet, leaves oval or 
acute or slightly toothed ( N. aquatica). April-Juue. Honey 
of fine quality, light amber, rarely granulating, flavor mild 
but characteristic. Swamps of eastern United States, west to 
Missouri and Texas, especially abundant in Florida, Alabama 
and Georgia. The honey from tupelos is of especial value in 
blending extracted-honeys for table trade because of its slow¬ 
ness in granulating. There are four species of Nyssa of value 
to the beekeeper. Tupelo, N. aquatica, is found abundantly 
in southern swamps, especially along the Appalachicola River. 
Secretes so abundantly that it will support thousands of 
colonics. Sour gum, N. sylvatica, is found farther north and 
with N. biflora furnishes abundant nectar. In abundance of 
nectar these trees equal the basswood. 
Ulmaceas; see Elm family. 
Umbelliferae ; seo Carrot family. 
Vacciniaceae ; see Huckleberry family. 
Verbenaceae ; seo Vervain family. 
Vervain family, Verbenaceae; see Carpet Grass, Lantana and 
Black Mangrove. 
Vetches, Vicia spp. Nectar, 
pollen. 
Viper’s bugloss, blueweod, 
blue-thistle, Echiurn vul- 
gare. Biennial herbs, 
l-2\ feet, stem erect 
bearing numerous blue 
to purple flowers, stem 
hairy, July-Scptombcr 
and later. In fields and 
waste land, native of 
Europe, especially abun¬ 
dant in Virginia, Mary¬ 
land and Pennsylvania. 
The common name blue- 
thistle is the one by 
which beekeepers usu¬ 
ally know this plant. 
Fiq. 161. — White clover. An important source in 
. the Shenandoah Valley. 
Virginia creeper, Parthenocissus quinquejolia. Nectar, pollen, 
fitaceae ; see Grape family. 
