Appendix 
443 
Oc, 
occiput. 
<E, 
oesophagus. 
CECom, 
circumccsophageal commissures. 
Om, 
ommatidium. 
OpL, 
optic lobe. 
Ost, 
ostium or lateral aperture of heart. 
Ov, 
ovary. 
ov, 
ovariole, individual ovarian tube. 
OvD , 
oviduct. 
OvO, 
opening of vagina or median oviduct. 
P, 
paraptera, small pleural plates below base of wing, 
typically two episternal paraptera or preparaptera 
(IP and 2P) before pleural wing process ( WP), and 
two epimeral paraptera or postparaptera (3P and 
41 1 ) behind wing process. 
IP, 2P, 
episternal paraptera, preparaptera. 
3P, 4P, 
epimeral paraptera, postparaptera. 
PA, 
arm of pleural ridge. 
Pci, 
postelypeus. 
PD, 
muscle disk of episternal paraptera, giving insertion to 
pronator muscle (not present in the bee). 
Pd, 
peduncle. 
Pen, 
penis. 
PenB, 
bulb of penis. 
Peps, 
preepisternum. 
Pgc, 
postgena. 
Pgl, 
paraglossa. 
Pgu, 
pregula. 
Ph, 
phragma. 
Phy, 
pharynx. 
PI, 
pleurum, 
Pi, 
subdivision of pleurum. 
Plf, 
palpifer, palpus-carrying lobe of maxilla. 
Pig, 
palpiger, palpus-carrying lobe of labium. 
Pip, 
palpus. 
Pmb, 
peritrophic membrane. 
PM cl, 
pronator muscle. 
PN, 
postnotum or pseudonotum, the second or postalar 
tergal plate of the wing-bearing segments of most 
insects, the “postseutellum” of higher orders. 
pn, 
small rod connecting postseutellum (postnotum PN) 
with upper edge of epimerum, probably a detached 
piece of the former. 
PNP, 
posterior notal wing process. 
PNR, 
posterior marginal ridge of notum. 
