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Beekeeping 
Pph, 
PR, 
Prb, 
PrbFs, 
PS, 
Ps, 
Psc, 
Pscl, 
Psl, 
PsnC, 
PsnSc, 
Pt, 
Ptr, 
Pvent, 
PventVlv, 
Qd, 
R, 
RAp, 
Rd, 
Reel, 
RGl, 
r-m, 
RMcl, 
IRMcl, 
3 RMcl, 
R s , 
S, 
SalD, 
SalDO, 
Sc, 
Scl, 
Sep, 
Set. 
Sga, 
Sh, 
ShA, 
ShB, 
ShS, 
posterior phragma or postpliragma of any tergum, 
carried by the second notal plate or postnotum (PN), 
the “postscutellum” of higher forms, 
internal pleural ridgo, the entopleurum, marked exter¬ 
nally by pleural suture (PS). 
proboscis, 
fossa of proboscis. 
pleural suture, external line separating episternum and 
epimerum, marking site of internal pleural ridge, 
presternum, 
prescutum. 
postscutellum (postnotum). 
poststernellum. 
poison canal of sting. 
poison sac of sting into which opens theacid gland ( AGl ). 
sensory pit. 
peritreme, spiracle-bearing sclerite. 
proventriculus. 
provontricular tube or valve in ventriculus. 
quadrate plate of sting. 
radius, third vein of generalized wing. Ri-Rb, first to 
fifth branches of radius. R s radial sector, 
apodeme of flexor muscle. 
posterior extension or reduplication of any tergal or 
sternal plate overlapping plate following it. 
rectum, the large intestine of insects, 
rectal glands, 
radio-medial cross-vein, 
flexor muscle of mandible or wing, 
dorsal retractor muscle of ligula. 
ventral retractor muscle of ligula. 
radial sector, or second branch of radius at first forking, 
sternum, 
salivary duet. 
external opening of salivary duct. 
subcosta, second vein of generalized wing. 
scutellum. 
scape. 
scutum. 
subgalea. 
sheath of sting, equivalent to the second gonapopliyses 
(2G) or middle pair on ninth abdominal segment, 
basal arm of sheath of sting, 
bulb of sheath of sting or ovipositor, 
shaft of sheath of sting. 
