748 [Assembly 
size, and came out of the giound upon the same day, with those 
which appeared in the timber lands; nor were they afty more plenty 
beneath two or three shade trees standing in the cleared grounds 
than in other parts of the fields. In other places I was also in¬ 
formed of their coming from the earth plentifully in fields which 
had been cleared several years. Indeed, the pupse emerge in all 
situations, except where the ground has been wholly destitute of 
trees and. shrubs for seventeen years or more. They even work 
their way out in the middle of the most solid and hard-trodden 
roads. This fact is noticed by Rev. Andrew Sandel in the first 
recorded notice which we possess of this insect, in 1715, (Medical 
Repository, vol. iv., p. 71,) and was also stated to me by different 
persons in Illinois. It serves to show the remarkable strength 
which the anterior legs of the pupa must possess to enable it to 
dig through ground so compacted. 
It is in the night time that the pupa (of which the accompany¬ 
ing figures, taken from specimens of C. rimosa, 
give a view,) emerges from the ground. The 
warmth and dryness of the air by day would 
doubtless cause its exterior shell-like case to 
become still' and crack open prematurely. 
Some of the pupa hatch upon the ground, near the holes from 
which they have emerged; others crawl up the sides of fences 
and upon bushes and trees, sometimes to a height of twenty feet. 
The pupa fixes itself securely by its feet, its thin shell-like cover¬ 
ing cracks open anteriorly upon the back, and the inclosed insect 
withdraws itself therefrom, leaving the empty case adhering to 
the place where it was fixed. 
The oak is the tree which the seventeen-year locust appears 
most to infest, for the purpose of depositing its eggs, and next to 
this is probably the apple tree. So numerous were these insects 
in several orchards .in Illinois last June, and such injury did they 
threaten the trees by their wounds, that the proprietors were in¬ 
duced with poles and goads to whip and drive them from the trees. 
And B. S. Rollin, of Wyoming, Wisconsin, in the Wisconsin and 
Iowa Farmer of November last, (vol. vi. p. 254,) reports that in 
