761 
No. 145.] 
parallel with each other, or in some instances are nearer at their tips than at their 
bases. In Aphis Mali the first fork branches from the third vein beyond its middle. 
Here it is given off much lower down, at about a third the distance from the base to 
the tip. Commonly the second fork is here half as long as the first fork; in Aphis 
Mali it is much shorter. The tip of the fourth vein is as near that of the lib-vein as 
it is to that of the second fork. The callous point on the outer margin of the hind 
wings is much more distinct in this species, and here the two oblique veins branch 
from the rib-vein at a much less acute angle than in Aphis Mali. 
We come next to speak of the remedies for destroying these 
vermin. 
Drenching the vegetation infested with any of the species of 
Aphis with strong soap-suds or weak lye is a measure which has 
been much recommended, and is certainly one of the most effica¬ 
cious within our knowledge. But it is those insects only which 
are wetted by the solution that are destroyed. These are crea¬ 
tures which “sprinkling” will not cleanse from the tree; “im¬ 
mersion” must be resorted to. As it is the green succulent ends 
of the twigs of young thrifty trees, and the leaves growing from 
these parts that are most infested and liable to be seriously in¬ 
jured, they may be rid of these vermin to a great extent by pre¬ 
paring a solution of soft soap in a tin pan or other convenient 
vessel, and whilst one person holds this under the infested twigs, 
let another person bend them one after another down into it, 
holding them there for several seconds. This will, in most cases, 
destroy all of the lice upon the twigs and leaves which are thus 
immersed, and will cleanse and impart new vigor to them. But 
this is by no means so infallible a remedy as some writers have 
represented it to be. Some of the lice, perhaps from being more 
hardy than the generality of their race, will survive. It, how¬ 
ever, will reduce their numbers so far as to allay all fears of im¬ 
mediate injury to the trees from this pest. 
Instead of a solution of soft soap, a writer in a late number of 
the American Agriculturist (vol. xiii. p. 295) recommends 
thoroughly rubbing this substance about the trunks and limbs 
two or three times a year. It is very probable that thus applied, 
a sufficient amount of the alkaline matter would be absorbed and 
taken into the circulating fluids of the tree to render these fluids 
distasteful, and perhaps poisonous to the Aphides. We have al- 
