811 
No. 145.] 
their whole length, and are about one-fourth the length if the 
body. They are composed of several small joints and are clothed 
with a few fine longish hairs. 
I have not had an opportunity to trace the history of this insect 
farther, but doubtless, like the other species of this genus, the 
young larvse in a short time fix themselves to the bark and in¬ 
crease somewhat in size, but retain the same form through the 
winter; and early in the spring the males enter their pupa state, 
and soon after come out under the form of minute delicate flies 
with only two wings; whilst the females, without undergoing any 
very obvious change, gradually grow to the size and lorm of the 
hemispherical scales already described. 
A parasitic insect, which probaly pertains to Mr. Westwood’s 
genus Coccophagus, in the Family Chalcidid^: and Order Hyme- 
noptera, lives in the bodies of the females, subsisting upon their 
young. The worm, which is doubtless similar to that noticed 
under scales of the Apple bark-louse, but of a larger size, having 
completed its changes makes its escape through a rather large 
round hole which it gnaws in the scale. Several scales were ob¬ 
served which were thus perforated, the hole being rough and 
jagged at its edges, and the scale being of a paler color at the part 
surrounding this perforation. 
This insect cannot but prove very detrimental to the pear tree 
when the females are present in such numbers as they w'ere in the 
instances in which I met with them. No tree can remain thrifty 
and vigorous with such a number of tiny beaks inserted every 
where in the smooth tender bark as a few of these females upon 
each limb will breed. Fortunately they are of such a size that they 
can easily be seen upon a careful inspection of the under sides of 
the limbs, and can readily be removed. They should be looked 
for the latter part of June, as the females will then have attained 
their full size; and wherever they are discovered the under side 
of the limbs should be rubbed with a brush or a sponge to dis¬ 
lodge every scale which can be perceived. Being at this time 
nearly or quite dead, and wholly destitute of legs, they will be 
unable to reascend the tree when brushed off, nor are the young 
sufficiently strong to crawl away from their parents. 
