815 
No. 145.] 
the former. The insect, however, does not commence coming out 
in its winged form so early as would be expected from the large 
size and matured appearance of many of the worms in the winter 
season. The stumps of five of my dead trees were allowed to 
remain undisturbed. Around these thirteen chrysalids were 
found upon the tenth of July, none of them having hatched the 
perfect insects. They were removed to a pot of moist earth, and 
the first winged moth came out upon the fourteenth of that month. 
The first female appeared upon the twenty-fourth, six males 
having hatched upon the preceding days. Twelve more chrysa¬ 
lids were found at this date and were placed in the pot with the 
others. Males and females continued to come out in about equal 
numbers afterwards, the two last of> this stock making their ap¬ 
pearance upon the fifteenth of August. The pupa state there¬ 
fore lasts at least three weeks in the warmest part of the summer, 
and it appears to be the latter part of July and in August that the 
females come abroad to deposit their eggs in this latitude. Far¬ 
ther south they doubtless begin to appear earlier in the season. 
The eggs are smooth, oval, slightly flattened, of a dull yellow 
color and 0 025 long. Some of the dark blue scales from the tip 
. of the abdomen of the parent are often glued to them They are 
deposited upon the bark at the surface of the ground, and the 
worms hatching from them work downwards, at first in the bark 
of the root, forming a slender flexuous channel which becomes 
filled with gum. At the distance of an inch or two below the 
surface the whole of the bark of the root be¬ 
comes consumed in badly infested trees, and 
the soft sap-wood is also extensively gnawed 
and eroded, so that frequently the root is 
nearly severed, as shown in the accompany¬ 
ing figure The larger worms in the winter 
season repose with their heads upwards, in 
contact with the exterior surface of the root, 
commonly in smooth longitudinal grooves 
which they have excavated, their backs being covered over with 
their castings mingled with the gum and with cobweb-like threads, 
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