STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
323 
APPLE. TRUNK. 
tracted, sometimes through one or more small orifices which 
appear to be gnawed by the worm. 13ut I have met with many 
instances where none of this powder was protruded, the blackened 
and slightly depressed surface of the bark being the only indica¬ 
tion of the mischief that was going on beneath. And not unfre- 
qitently the worm eats downwards, under the bark of the root, to 
a distance of two to four inches below the surface of the ground, 
instead of being always at or slightly above the surface, as pre¬ 
vious accounts have implied. And it is of course impossible for 
any castings to be protruded from this part of its burrow, as the 
soil is firmly pressed against and moulded to the root. And 
where this powder appears externally, it commonly has the aspect 
not of having been thrust out by the worm, but of having 
crowded itself out, from the mass under the bark swelling by 
being dampened by rain soaking through the dead bark and satu¬ 
rating it. 
The worm is almost always found at some part of the outer 
edge of its burrow, where it is lying apparently dormant, crowded 
and tightly w r edged between the bark and the w r ood. Like most 
other larvae, this moults, and its cast skin will sometimes be found 
among the dust in the burrow. At length, in the course of the 
second summer, whep it has grown to half or three-quarters of an 
inch in length and its jaws have become sufficiently strong for the 
work, it begins to bore a cylindrical passage upward in the solid 
wood, making hereby a secure retreat, in the interior of the tree, 
in which to lie and sleep during its pupa state. It is not till just 
the close of the larva period of its life that it completes this cylin¬ 
drical burrow by extending it onwards and obliquely outw'ards to 
the bark. It then stuffs the upper end of this passage with 
sawdust-like pow'der, and its lower end with short fibres of 
wood arranged like curly locks of hair, thus forming an elastic 
bed on which to repose during its pupa state. After it has 
changed from its pupa to its perfect form, it still remains dormant 
and motionless in its cell, sometimes for several weeks. Awaking 
at length to life and activity, it crawls upward, loosening and 
Pulling down the dust and chips from the upper end of its burrow, 
till it reaches the bark. Through this it cuts a remarkably 
