4 
PISCES THORACIGI. SPARUS. 
The lateral line bends gently, not parallel with the arch of the back, and terminates not exactly in the middle 
of the caudal fin. Anus remote. 
The Jins. The dorsal spines in a groove; the posterior portion of that fin and the anal, as well as the 
pectoral and ventral fins, acuminate above; the caudal bifid. The first anal spine very small, the third 
remarkably strong. 
The colour. The head and back of a deep red, the sides striped longitudinally with white, red, and pearl 
fillets. The fins light gray, tipped with red. 
The length, including the caudal fin, seven inches. 
No. CV. 
Sparus capite aculeato , ocitlis permagnis; corpore oblongo, lato, compresso, squamis largis, asperis, 
striatis et pedinatis; radii odo in pinna ventrali; spinis analibus quatuor ; cauda bifida , 
spiculis quatuor ad latera, supra subterque. 
The Sparus with a prickly head, and very large eyes ; an oblong, broad, compressed body, 
covered with large, rough, striated, pectinated scales; eight rays in the ventral fin, 
four anal spines. The tail bifid, and on each edge, above and below, are four reflex 
spiculi. 
Called by the Natives Botche. 
II 14 
B. viii. D. 25. P. 15. V. S~. A . 10. C. 21. 
This species is particularly distinguished by the spinous head and scales ; large eyes, eight rays in the ventral 
fin; and spines on the edges of the tail. 
The body oblong, remarkably broad at the shoulders, compressed, covered with large, strong, bony scales, 
striate, pectinate, imbricate, tenacious. 
The head large, compressed; the front short, the crown rough, channeled; the orbit half surrounded with a 
double row of short spiculi, and the scales, as on the trunk, serrate. The mouth very wide; no lips; the jaws 
long, bare, striate on the outside, the upper longest, emarginate. Teeth in several rows, small, orbicular, rough. 
Tongue short, ovate, rough, bridled. The palate wide, rough on the fore part. Eyes supreme, extremely large, 
orbicular. Nostrils large, oblong. 
The opercula serrate, and a flat spine on the edge of the posterior lamina. The branchial membrane much 
exposed; it has eight ossiculi, of which the two inferior are small and rough; the aperture wide. 
The trunk. The back a little round, but convex, towards the tail carinate; the breast and belly prominent; 
the sides compressed, yet roundish: the shoulders broad, and the body contracts but little till near the anal fin, 
where it diminishes abruptly. The branchiae consist of four laminae, the two exterior pectinate, the interior 
denticulate. The lateral line high, almost straight. Anus remote. 
The Jins. The dorsal spines in a groove, the hinder portion of the fin acuminate in the middle; the pectoral 
low, short, acuminate above; the ventral as long as the pectoral, and remarkable for having eight rays; the anal 
resembles the opposite dorsal; the caudal fin bifid, with spiculi at the edges. 
The colour. The head red; the membranous margin of the posterior lamina of the operculum the colour of 
black, coagulated blood; the breast and belly a yellowish red, mixed with white; the scales on the trunk, 
