Beekeeping as an Occupation 
9 
To utilize the principle of the frame-hive without departing 
too radically from the skep, the Gravenhorst hive (Fig. 6) 
was adopted by many 
Germans. Its defi¬ 
ciencies are at once 
obvious from the il¬ 
lustration. 
With the adoption 
of the fundamental 
principle of the frame- 
hive, the types of hive 
developed along two 
main lines. The 
original frame-hive of the German beekeepers, following 
the example of Dzierzon, opened at the rear, and this 
type (Fig. 7) is still much used. Its construction prevents 
adequate expansion of the brood-chamber and of the room 
for surplus, which are of such vital importance with modern 
American manipulations. Such hives are ill suited to 
American condi- 
Fig. 9. — Carniolan hive. 
tions and are 
apparently losing 
ground abroad. 
In connection 
with these hives 
as well as with 
some other local 
types, the Ger¬ 
man, Austrian 
and Swiss bee¬ 
keepers often 
keep their bees 
in elaborately 
ornamented bee- 
houses (Fig. 8), 
each colony of course having its own hive (Fig. 9). This 
has been tried to a limited extent by American bee- 
Fig. 10. — Bee-house mentioned in “The Hoosier 
School Boy.” 
