116 
Beekeeping 
castes throughout her entire larval period (called royal 
jelly) which is free from undigested pollen and completely 
predigested. The table (p. 115) gives the percentages of 
the various food constituents as determined by v. Planta. 
Snodgrass (p. 93) reports finding undigested pollen grains 
in royal jelly, contrary to the statements of v. Planta. The 
larval food differs essentially in appearance from the con¬ 
tents of the ventriculus so that it is difficult to conceive of 
it being a regurgitated product to which is added merely 
an acid secretion of the glands. The beekeeping industry 
is under lasting obligation to v. Planta for his research in 
this and other subjects, but it is no disrespect to his work 
to express the belief that this subject should be thoroughly 
investigated by modern methods. The methods of analysis 
have been greatly improved since his work was done; they 
have, in fact, been so completely changed that v. Planta’s 
results cannot be considered as conclusive in any respect. 
Feeding of queens and drones. 
In addition to the feeding of the various types and ages 
of larva, the workers feed the queen and seemingly the 
drones also during their presence in the colony. The exces¬ 
sive egg-laying of the queen (p. 57) obviously calls for 
nourishment in large quantities and during the season of 
heavy laying the queen usually stops for a few minutes 
about every half-hour and during this resting period she is 
almost constantly fed. While the feeding of the drones is 
less easily observed, there is reason to believe that the feed¬ 
ing is discontinued at the close of the honey-flow, at which 
time the drones are first driven to the lower parts of the hive 
and finally are easily carried out, because of their weakened 
condition. Both queens and drones are capable of taking 
honey from cells, but apparently do not take pollen themselves. 
Other inside work. 
Little remains to be said in detail of the inside work of 
the hive which is performed by the workers. They clean 
