64 
late October when the leaves are of the brightest scarlet. The hand¬ 
somest of these plants in the autumn, Enkianthus perulatus, is a com¬ 
pact round-headed shrub with white flowers. This is a popular plant 
in Japan and can be seen in many Japanese gardens cut into a round 
ball. It has never produced seeds in the Arboretum and has remained 
exceedingly rare in this country. More common is E. campanulatus 
which is sometimes in Japan a tree twenty-five or thirty feet high and 
which in the Arboretum has grown from seed in thirty years into a 
narrow shrub eight or ten feet tall. The yellow flowers tinged with 
red, or in one variety pure white, hanging gracefully in long racemes, 
are attractive. The plants produce quantities of seeds every year, and 
there is no reason why this beautiful shrub should not become a com¬ 
mon garden plant in those parts of America where the soil is free of 
lime. 
Dwarf Hawthorns. Many of these plants which were entirely over¬ 
looked by botanists until toward the end of the last century prove to 
be worth more general attention than gardeners have learned to give 
them. Some eighty species of these dwarfs have been distinguished. 
They are most abundant in Pennsylvania, New York, Ohio and Michigan, 
occurring as far north as Massachusetts and southward to Alabama. 
In the great Crataegus region west of the Mississippi River, in south¬ 
ern Missouri, Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma they are comparatively 
rare. Nearly all the species have large and conspicuous flowers in few- 
flowered clusters and handsome red or yellow fruit. Many of the dwarf 
plants are now well established in the Arboretum, and flowers and 
fruits are produced freely by several of them. Some of these plants 
are worth cultivating for the beauty of their autumn foliage which is 
not surpassed by that of any of the larger growing American Haw¬ 
thorns. The Arboretum group of these dwarf plants at the eastern 
base of Peter’s Hill, on the lower side of the road, is just now worth 
a visit. Many of the plants are covered with fruit and distinct and 
variously colored foliage. 
Yellow leaves. The autumn picture owes much to the different shades 
of yellow to which the leaves of many plants turn in the autumn. 
Yellow leaves, especially those of many Maples, Birches, several Elms, 
Hickories and Poplars, however, ripen and often fall before the foliage 
of Oaks and many other trees and shrubs assume the red color of their 
autumn foliage. The yellow leaves of the Tulip-tree, the Japanese 
Cercidiphyllum, the Virgilia {Cladastris lutea), the Kentucky Coffee- 
tree {Gymnocladus dioicus) are conspicuous at this time. Conspicuous, 
too, now with their yellow leaves are the American Witch Hazels, 
Hammamelis virginiana, already in flower, and the winter-blooming 
H. vernalis with autumn leaves probably more beautiful in the delicate 
yellow tints of its fading leaves than any other plant in the Arboretum 
with yellow autumn foliage. 
