Carrots, Parsnips and Salsify. 
BY N. J. SHEPHERD. 
These three plants are the principle root 
crops raised in the garden, and rather es¬ 
pecially designed for fall and winter use, 
with the exception of carrots, the other two 
being better if left out during the winter. 
They yield very largely; if proper cultiva¬ 
tion is given, a small plot will give all that 
any ordinary family will need. A five-cent 
package of carrot or parsnip seed, if sown 
carefully, will be all that is necessary. Sal¬ 
sify seeds are much larger, being, in fact, 
nearly if not quite as large as common oats; 
so that a larger quantity of seed will be 
needed. A deep, rich soil is the best, and 
if a sandy loam, loose and friable, all the 
better. Plow or spade deep; if the soil is 
not naturally rich, a good application of 
well rotted manure will be beneficial. Rake 
or harrow until in as fine condition- as pos¬ 
sible; lay off in drills at least twelve inches 
apart, although fifteen inches is better. 
Lay off shallow; sow the seed as evenly as 
possible, and cover lightly, giving the soil 
a light pressure with the hoe or spade so as 
to press the soil down upon the seed ; this 
will cause them to germinate quicker and 
better. 
The cultivation should begin as soon as 
the plants can be seen well in the row. 
The soil should be stirred so as to be kept 
loose, and all weeds kept down. After 
they have started to grow, they should be 
thinned out so that the plants will stand 
about three or four inches apart. 
In selecting the rows or bed for this crop, 
especially parsnips and salsify, I always 
select the rows near the permanent beds, 
so that the balance of the garden can be 
plowed in the fall if necessary, without dis¬ 
turbing i hese crops. I prefer planting in 
long straight rows, having the first rows on 
one side of the garden with just a row or 
two of herbs, such as sage, savory, parsley, 
saffron, thyme, marjoram. &c. Next to 
this I'want a row of asparagus, rhubarb 
and horse-radish; after these a row or two 
of mustard, spinach, dandelion and winter 
lettuce; and then the rows of parsnip and 
salsify. By having them in long rows the 
cultivation is much easier, as the larger 
proportion can be done with the cultivator. 
And by having these plants that I want to 
be permanent all on one side, they do not 
interfere with plowing up the balance in 
the fall and winter. 
There are but a few varieties of either sal¬ 
sify or parsnips; but of carrots there are 
quite a number; among them are the Early 
Scarlet Horn. Danvers Orange and the 
Long Scarlet, which are good varieties; the 
first for early, the second for later crop and 
the last for main crop or fall and winter. 
The carrots should be dug before the frost, 
and stored carefully in the cellar or pitted 
away; but the other two should be left 
out until lare in the fall, and then only 
whatever quantity desired to use during the 
winter should be dug and stored in the cel¬ 
lar. Care must be taken to dig them out 
clean early in the spring, as they start to 
grow very early, and when allowed to do 
this the quality is injured. Iam satisfied 
that parsnips grow the better part of the 
winter when left out. 
Eldon , Mo. 
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