the farm. — If. S. Waldo , in Practical 
Farmer. 
_ '* 
Fruit in the Champlain Valley. 
BY O. H. ALEXANDER. 
Apples:— Are Baldwin, Rhode Island 
Oreening. Roxbury Russett, Northern Spy, 
Spitzenberg, Golden Russett. Swar, Pound 
Sweet, English Greening. Ben Davis, King 
of Tompkins County, Fall Pippin, Graven- 
stein. Fameuse, Porter, Early Harvest. 
Pears:—Flemish Beautv, BirtLtt, Louise 
Bonne de Jersey, Seckel, White Doyenne, 
Winter Nelis and many others 
Plums:—Green Gage, Lombard. Magnum 
Bonum. Washington, Damson. 
The great cause of failure in fruit grow¬ 
ing no'*th of latitude 43 degrees in New 
England, is in procuring varieties not 
adapted to our climate. Apples, pears, 
plums and grapes may be grown success¬ 
fully in all parts of £Jew England if we 
plant our native sorts, or those, that are 
valuable from northern Europe. Trees 
grown in a warm climate are so affected by 
removal to a colder one. as to become 
worthless. The best course in all cases is 
to procure trees grown in our own clmate. 
From the 20 of May to the 20 of June is 
recommended as the best time for general 
pruning. If large’ wounds are made in 
spring, disease is almost sure to follow in 
this climate. 
We keep our winter fruit on shelves in 
the cellar and keep the windows open as 
long as we dare to in the fall. 
The most troublesome insects for the 
apple are the common orchard caterpillar, 
and the worm (codling moth) for bearing 
trees and the aphis for young trees: The 
borer and canker worm are very destructive 
in some places. For the apple worm the 
best remedy is to keep swine in the orchard, 
iOr if it be small, fowls restrained by a suit¬ 
able fence. 
The largest orchard in this town contains 
.5000 trees, all thrifty and in fine order, but 
• the yield is small, so far. Orchards in 
{town of 300 trees yield more small fruit 
every year than this large orchard, which 
is situated on rolling land near the lake 
ishore. Apples like all other productions of 
j • 
the earth, have their favorite soil, altitude 
and climate, outside of which they rarely 
pay. Cereals or tall grasses are ruinous to 
orchards If in grass mow and leave the 
grass to rot under the trees. Analysis 
shows that potash and lime enter largely 
into the composition of the apple tree. 
These should be applied to the land frequent¬ 
ly. We have a very good market for our 
fruit every year, most of which goes to 
New York by canal boats. We shipped 
from this town last season some 100 f > 
barrels of apples. 
-—-— 
Cork. 
BY H. L. 
Cork is a very common article of daily 
use. and if deprived of it. we would 
undoubtedly be sorely at want to find a 
substitute equally good. It has been known 
from time immemorial, and reference is 
made to it by ancient authors in their 
works; but its real value was probably 
unknown until the fifteenth century, 
during which the bottle was invented and 
first used. 
This country produces little, if any cork, 
depending upon foreign exports. These ex¬ 
ports are made chiefly from Spain, Portu¬ 
gal and certain ports of France, which 
countries are well qualified to supply all 
demands. Think how light eork is, and 
then consider that these lands yearly send 
over 6000 pounds to other shores, besides 
consuming an amonut equally great. 
Cork is obtained from the bark of the 
“■cork tree,” called we believe, the *‘cork 
oak.” Incisions arp made in the bark lon¬ 
gitudinal to the roots of the tree, and the 
bark being freely separable from the trunk, 
is easily removed. The bark is then placed 
in a liquid solution, after which it is press¬ 
ed out by heavy weights; it is next thor¬ 
oughly dried by the application of heat; 
and finally is placed in bundles ready for 
shipping. This bark is sometimes worked 
into corks by hand, and a superior quality 
of cork is made; but the American has 
prodvided a machine for performing the 
same work, which though doing exceeding¬ 
ly rapid work, produces a cork inferior to> 
that of hand make. 
