12 
SEED-TIME AH© HARVEST. 
The tree from which the bark is obtain¬ 
ed, is allowed to become fifteen years old 
before first operated upon; and after the 
first removal of bark, is left to grow for a 
period of eight or ten years more, when a 
second removal takes place, ^ach succeed¬ 
ing removal, of course, decreasing the 
quality. The tree, it is said, lives over 
one hundred and fifty years, yielding its 
treasure periodically as stated. 
The Right Food. 
BY JOHN M. STAHL. 
Much of the value of the food we give to 
our farm animals is lost to us because we 
feed thoughtlessly or ignorantly. The 
elements of animal foods are grouped into 
albuminoids, carbo-hydrates and fats. The 
first is used to produce muscle, the second 
to produce animal heat first, while the resi¬ 
due, if any, is converted into fat, and the 
last is made into fat, unless there is not 
enough of the carbo-hydrates for the man¬ 
ufacture of animal heat, when it is used 
for that purpose. Hence, if we wish to 
fatten an animal, we should feed a ration 
rich in carbo-hydrates and fats, while if we 
wish an animal to be strong and muscular, 
we should give it foods abounding in albu¬ 
minoids; remembering, however, that ani¬ 
mals will not digest these several groups 
in the ratio they may exist in the food, but 
somewhat in accordance with the nature 
and class of the animals. But as breeding 
has resulted in producing animals almost 
perfectly fitted for the purpose designed, 
this does not effect so great a change in the 
ca-e as might be inferred. 
On an average, cow’s milk contains forty 
parts of albuminoids to thirty-seven of fat 
and forty-six of sugar. The albuminoids 
of the milk must be formed from the albu¬ 
minoids of the food, while the fat and 
sugar of the milk will be formed from the 
fats and carbo-hydrates first, and from the 
albuminoids if the other elements are 
wanting in the foods. But if only the albu¬ 
minoids of the milk are formed from the 
albuminoids of the food, a food richer in 
these elements than those commonly fed to 
milch cows is required. It may be said 
that albuminoids are the great requirement 
in a food for milk production. The digest¬ 
ive ratio (the ratio ©f the albuminoids to the 
carbo-hydrates, plus the fats multiplied by 
2.4) of a milk food should be about one to 
five. Earl}' grass has fully this ratio of 
albuminoids and cows do well upon it; but 
the digestive ratio of old stemmy grass is 
about one to ten, hence there is a waste 
when milch cows eat it, and they do not 
give a large yield of milk when fed upon 
it alone. 
In winter it is the common practice to 
feed milch cows corn or corn meal. Either 
or both of these alone are not a good milk 
ration, being deficient in albuminoids, (the 
digestive ratio of corn is one to eight and 
one-half) Feeding meadow hay, or corn- 
fodder, or straw does not help the matter,, 
for all of these have the same deficiency. 
But clover has an abundance of the albu¬ 
minoids, and a good milk ration can be 
formed by combining clover with corn, 
corn meal, straw, corn fodder or meadow 
hay or by feeding bran with corn fodder, 
meadow hay, or straw. Bran is rich in 
albuminoids, and when made into warm 
slops and fed with corn fodder makes a 
large flow of milk. 
For young growing animals very nearly 
the same ration is required as for milk pro¬ 
duction. As nature is wdse and has pro¬ 
vided milk for the young, a substitute for 
milk, at the time milk is usually used, 
should contain the three groups in the same 
proportion, that is, have the same digestive 
ratio. It is found that pigs at weaning 
time digest the albuminoids in a ratio to 
the starchy group of one to four. But 
as swine grow older they digest a larger 
and larger pioportion of the carbo-hydrates 
and fats, and some at maturity require a 
food with a digestive ratio of one to six and 
a half. It is plain that for even mature 
hogs, corn, or corn meal has an excess of 
carbo-hydrates and fats, while when fed to. 
pigs this excess is yet greater. Clover ad¬ 
ded to the corn corrects the excess, and for 
growing hogs there is nothing better than 
pasture in which red clover is predominant.. 
Cotton seed meal, peas,, or beans, are also 
good to feed with corn, the last two being 
very rich in albuminoids. Corn alone 
should never be fed to any growing animal,. 
