Cambridge, Mass. 
lyoo, ^ ier a< ^ 1Tl i rQr 3 with some interest* During their evolutions one or another Ccia/j>h*_ ^> 
Qi ^f)~ 
jof them would occasionally thrust his head straight upward to the full 
# 
length of the neck but this position was never maintained for more than 
a fraction of a second. The distance was too great for me to make out 
if the bill were opened or not* I saw no other unusual movements of 
the head and neck which ^indeed ; were carried much as on ordinary occasions 
or perhaps somewhat higher or more erect. But I did see and very many 
times jets of water or spray rise into the air at the rear of drakes 
wnich were passing in line before the females. These were similar in 
^very respect to those wh4fl the Whistler drakes throw up when "bleating'* 
a. 
but the jets produced by the Gooseanders rose to the greater height and 
apparently were somewhat broader,also. I could see them distinctly 
without the aid of ray glass at a distance of half a mile. That they are 
aii essentia^ part of the ceremonial of courtship and that the Goose— 
anders like the Whistlers throw them up with a simple vigorous kick of 
the foot or (feet) t ^ 
I have no doubt although I obtained direct evidenc 
bearing on the latter point. After watching the Gooseanders about half 
^crvritZ 
an hour from Heralock^we walked around the pond to the western side. 
When we got there the birds had ceased counting and were scattered about 
