56 
purpose. Unfortunately, however, it probably cannot be found in com¬ 
mercial nurseries. This is true, too, of the dwarf Quince of Japan 
(Chaenomeles japonica, sometimes called Pyrus or Cydonis Maulei in 
European nurseries). This is a shrub with spreading branches which 
do not rise more than two feet above the ground. The flowers vary 
on different plants from crimson to pink and to white, and are followed 
by small yellow, fragrant quince-like fruit. These handsome little 
shrubs, like the larger Quinces and many related plants, attract the San 
Jose scale, which needs careful watching and frequent spraying. All 
the Snowberries ( Symphoricarpus) including the red-fruited S. vulgaris 
can be used in front of larger growing shrubs; and the trailing stems 
of one of the American Burning Bushes ( Evonymus obovatus) make a 
good border when taller plants protect them from the direct rays of 
the sun. Some of the low-growing Chinese Cotoneasters, like C. hor- 
izontalis with its varieties Wilsonii and perpusilla, and C. apiculata 
are well suited in habit to plant before larger shrubs. If used, how¬ 
ever, with Cornels or Privets they might appear too exotic, and their 
proper place is in front of beds of the large-growing Chinese Coton¬ 
easters. Their value for this purpose can be seen on the southern 
slope of Bussey Hill where dwarf Cotoneasters have been planted be¬ 
fore the large growing species. There are a few broad-leaved Ever¬ 
greens which can be successfully used here to form an edging to beds 
of larger Evergreens. The best of them is probably Andromeda fior- 
ibunda from the southern Appalachian Mountains, one of the hardiest 
and handsomest of the broad-leaved Evergreen plants which can be 
grown in this climate. It makes a good edging, and with abundant 
space a wide, symmetrical specimen. Two low hybrid Rhododendrons, 
R. myrtifolium and R. arbutifolium (R. Wilsonii of many gardens) are 
useful to plant on the margins of groups of taller growing kinds; and 
R. carolinianum , although it blooms earlier than most Rhododendrons 
which are hardy in this climate, might be used for the same purpose. 
Crataegus in Autumn. A pretty good idea of the value of American 
Hawthorns as ornamental plants at this season of the year can be had 
by following the path which leads to the right just inside the gate at 
the Forest Hills entrance to the Arboretum. On the bank between this 
path and the boundary wall are a few Hawthorns which are now forty 
years old, and have grown to a good size in spite of the poor soil in 
which they were planted. Among them are C. nitida, C. Dawsoniana , 
C. arkansana, C. Douglasii , C. aprica, C. pruinosa , C. succulenta, C. 
coccinioides, C. prunifolia and C. fecunda. These trees are covered 
with ripe or ripening fruit; on some of them the leaves are still as 
green as they were in summer, on others they have assumed brilliant 
shades of scarlet and orange. American Hawthorns thrive in soil im¬ 
pregnated with lime; they can therefore be successfully grown over a 
large part of the United States where Rhododendrons, Azaleas, and 
related plants to which lime is fatal cannot be used. Little is known 
yet of the beauties of American Hawthorns as cultivated plants but 
enough has been seen of them at the Arboretum to show that among 
them are some of the most beautiful trees and shrubs which can be 
grown in this country especially in the middle western states where 
lime abounds and there are great extremes of temperature. 
