STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
805 
UIDQE. PUPA. EMBRYO “PUP A STATE. 
would seem that a species so large and hardy as this is, if it 
moulted, must throw off a skin of such a coarse texture that 
some traces of it at least would be found in its cell. But I have 
carefully opened these galls in instances without number, coming 
to the pupa without being able to detect any refuse matter in its 
cell to indicate that a skin had been thrown off. And some of 
these galls forwarded to the late Dr. Harris, as stated a few 
pages back, convinced him also that these larvie changed to 
pupa; without moulting. Still, that an insect could do this was 
so contrary to all previous observations, that I determined I 
would see this larva when it was in the very act of undergoing 
this change to a pupa, and thus know how this change was 
effected. And for ten years I have been endeavoring to find one 
of these insects when it was thus changing, opening numbers of 
the galls every year. As I have thus become perfectly familiar 
with the appearance of this insect at this period of its life, I 
would observe that a state occurs which is distinct from its 
larva and its pupa state, as has indeed been noticed by authors 
in other instances, at which time it may appropriately be termed 
an EMBRYO-PUPA. 
This Willow gall midge is usually found in this state between 
the 8th and 16t,h of March, and remains under this form a week 
or more. It at this time appears very much as though the ante¬ 
rior end of the larva had been bruised and had swollen into a 
watery blister from the injury. This vescicle is translucent and 
of a pale blood red color, becoming darker and more opake as it 
becomes older. The skin covering it is smooth and slightly 
glossy, the transverse sutures being marked upon its surface 
faintly by slender impressed lines instead of the broad deep fur¬ 
rows which previously existed here. It extends farther down on 
the front or under side than on the back, here occupying a fourth 
of the length of the worm and leaving only seven segments unin¬ 
volved in it while on the back there are nine. The apex or 
former mouth is now a short broad tubercle and in front a little 
below this the jaws still appear as two minute black lines meet¬ 
ing in form of a letter V. The remainder of the worm not occu¬ 
pied by this vescicle is not changed in any respect from what it 
previously was in the larva. 
In this embryo-pupa I had in two or three instances discerned 
the wing sheaths of the pupa in their incipient state, faintly 
