846 
ANNUAL REPORT OF NEW YORK 
Arms. coeciNELLA larva cuanoikg into a pupa. 
It chooses a spot towards the summit of the weed from whence 
it can hang freely downwards and be fully exposed to the air 
and light. It here affixes itself by the tip of its body, which 
emits a small quantity of a varnish-like fluid whereby it is se¬ 
curely glued to the surface. It thus hangs with its head down¬ 
wards for several hours, slightly bending and writhing itself at 
times, whereby the pupa inside becomes more and more separated 
from the larva skin in which it is inclosed. It also becomes per¬ 
ceptibly thicker, thus distending the larva skin laterally, till at 
last with this distention and the bending of the pupa within it, 
the skin cracks open in a straight smooth fissure at the anterior 
end of the back. The continued motions of the pupa now rap¬ 
idly open this rent longer and wider, and the pupa pressing 
firmly against it begins to protrude from it, of a bright yellow 
color. Its whole back soon emerges from the skin, and by a few 
more writhings this old skin is then gradually slipped off and 
crowded upward to the end of the body, around which it after¬ 
wards remains in a wrinkled black mass studded with prickly 
points and forming an intrenchment as it were around the tip of 
the body, which no enemy will care to climb over. 
The pupa is at first egg-shaped, but contracting in its length 
as it dries, and thickening at its tip it soon becomes oval and 
very convex on its back, with its under side flattened and curved, 
whereby it has nearly the shape of a crescent when viewed lat¬ 
erally. 
It is interesting to observe the manner in which the pupa acquires 
the different spots with which it is so prettily ornamented. When 
it first throws off the larva skin it is of a uniform bright citron yel¬ 
low color throughout, perhaps with the breathing pores appear¬ 
ing as a row of dusky dots along each side. But a deeper yel¬ 
low or orange colored spot immediately begins to bo perceived 
on each side of the back forward of the middle and another back 
of the middle, these spots occupying the outer ends of the first 
and of the fourth segments of the abdomen, and others on the 
ends of the sixth segment are sometimes to be seen, though 
smaller and less bright. Next, along each side of the middle of 
the back a faint smoky streak or row of spots may be dis¬ 
cerned, each spot first commencing as a short, dusky, transverse 
line on the elevated hind edge of each segment except the two 
first. The knees are next perceived to become dusky, in which 
