STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
825 
HESSIAN FLY. PUPA. 
asunder transversely if rudely handled, and one of its ends slip¬ 
ping off from the insect within, like a thimble from the end of 
the finger. On removing the pupa from its case, (see plate 3, 
fie. /,) it is found to be 0.13 long by 0.05 broad, of an oval form 
with rounded ends, the anterior or thoracic portion being slightly 
narrower than the abdominal. The essential difference between 
its form now, and what it previously was, is, that the wings, legs 
and antennas of the future fly are now perceptible in their rudi¬ 
mentary state, appressed to the surface of the body. The sheaths 
in which the wings are enveloped do not quite attain the middle 
of the length of the body. The outer pair of feet come out from 
under the tips of the wings, and reach to the anterior margin of 
the penultimate abdominal segment, their tips curving gently 
inward towards each other. The next pair of feet are somewhat 
shorter, and thu inner pair are shorter still. They all lie in 
contact with each other, and extend lengthwise upon the front 
side of the body, but are not soldered to it. The abdominal seg¬ 
ments are distinctly marked by strongly impressed transverse 
lines, and are of a milk-white color, the head and thorax being 
of a delicate pale pink red, and the feet translucent whitish. 
The time for its last transformation having arrived, the pupa 
by writhing and bending its body breaks open its puparium or 
flax seed case, crawls from it, and works its way upward within 
the sheath of the leaf, until it comes to some cleft in the now 
dead, brittle and elastic straw. Through this cleft it crowds its 
body, until all except the tip of the abdomen is protruded into 
the air, the elasticity of the straw causing it to close together 
upon the tip of the abdomen, sufficiently to hold the pupa in this 
situation, secure from falling to the ground. And as if to pre¬ 
serve the body in a horizontal position, the feet are slightly 
separated from the abdomen, and directed obliquely downwards, 
with their tips pressed against the side of the straw, thus curi¬ 
ously serving, like the brace to a beam or to the arm of a sign 
post, to support the body from inclining downwards. Thus 
securely fixed, and now freely exposed to the drying influence of 
the atmosphere, the outer membrane of the pupa exhales its 
moisture, and as it becomes dried, cracks apart upon the back or 
upper side of the thorax. Out of this opening the inclosed fly 
protrudes its head and thorax, more and more, as it gradually 
withdraws its several members, the antennas, wings and legs, 
