State Agricultural Society. 
509 
and with the warmth of spring will awake and return to life, and 
by giving birth to young will start the species for another year’s 
operations. 
Upon the cutting off of some of the twigs which they occupied 
and bringing them in doors, the warmth of the room immediately 
awakened them and they commenced walking about. They are 
prone to leave the twigs and wander away, and the following morning 
they had all disappeared. As they each showed the end' of an ovi¬ 
positor protruding from the tip of their bodies like a short tail, I 
suppose them to be adult females, contracted from their normal size 
by their exposure to the cold. As they differ from the summer 
broods in several particulars, a description of this winter variety of 
the females is herewith presented. 
It only remains for us to describe this insect in the different forms 
in which it occurs to our view. As has already been stated, upon 
particularly noticing a swarm of these plant lice it will be seen that 
specimens of four different kinds occur among them, as follows: 1st, 
young lice, which are distinguished by their smaller size; 2d, wingless 
females, these being the largest individuals which are destitute of 
wings; 3d, pupae, which are readily recognized by their snow-white 
spots; 4th, winged females, including all the specimens with wings. 
In addition to these, is the egg state, in which the insect passes the 
winter, the eggs hatching young lice, which, on growing to maturity, 
produce living .young instead of eggs. And the young lice grow up, 
some into wingless females, others into pupae, and these change into 
the winged females. I have never met with a male. Winged speci¬ 
mens which, from their smaller size or other dissimilarities, I have 
thought, might perhaps be males, on being observed, have invariably 
been found to produce young. 
The eggs are of a dull green color when newly laid, but by 
exposure to the light and air they gradually change till they become 
jet black. They are so minute that when placed upon white paper 
the eye merely discerns them to be black atoms that have more length 
than thickness. With a magnifying glass they are found to be 
smooth and very glossy and shining, of a regular oval form and 
rounded at the ends, and twice as long as thick. They measure two 
hundretlis of an inch in length. 
The LAitvas or young lice vary in size and form with their age, at 
first having the opposite sides of the body parallel and the antenuse 
and legs short and clumsy. When they are grown to 0.03 or 0.04 in 
length they have become oval, but rather more full back of the mid- 
