State Agricultural Society. 
539 
its predecessor and is recognized by some slight transverse lines or wrinkles upon its 
surface and by the loop of silk which passes across its middle. It frequently has 
six or eight black dots placed symmetrically and in positions similar to those upon 
the following segments. The fifth or first abdominal segment has a slight elevated 
line upon its middle which in some instances wholly disappears. Upon each side of 
the back this segment is elevated into a prominent ridge, beginning upon the anterior 
margin and gradually ascending to the hind margin, with a broad shallow notch in 
its middle and frequently a brown spot upon its anterior ends. The sixth segment 
upon each side continues the elevated ridge of the preceding segment, at its anterior 
cornel's jutting abruptly upward and forming a prominent angulai point, nliich 
inclines outward, overhanging and protecting the wing sheaths, the inner edges of 
which overlie the base of these ridges on their outer sides. The angular apex of each 
ridge is frequently stained with brown or black. From this point the ridge descends 
backward in a straight line, ending at the hind edge of the following segment, and a 
raised line is continued from thence along each side of the back to the tip. Along 
its middle the sixth segment has a slighly raised line, which on the following seg¬ 
ments becomes more elevated, forming an acute angular line along the middle' of the 
back, and on the last segment dividing into two straight diverging forks which 
extend to the tip, their ends there uniting with the ends of the lateral dorsal lines. 
On the back of these segments are usually twelve black dots, placed symmetrically, 
one on each side of the center of each segment; two others further out and back, 
one before the other; a fourth one still farther out and upon a transverse line with 
the first; a fifth obliquely forward and outward from the last, and the sixth one 
larger than the others, on the anterior corner of each segment. On the under side 
these segments frequently show a row of small blackish spots along the middle, the 
spots being often faint and more or less obliterated, and on each side three longitudinal 
rows of black dots, the second row being formed of a large and a small dot upon 
each segment. The veins of the wing sheaths are also finely dotted, with a series of 
larger dots alternating with the tips of the veins. 
The pupa remains cpiiet and motionless, with the tip of its body 
fastened in the little mass of silken threads and the loop passing around 
it and holding it suspended in a horizontal or oblique position, for a 
period of eight to twelve days in summer, and seven months in 
the winter, it entering this state the beginning of October and con¬ 
tinuing in it till the following May. The ridge along the forepart of 
the back of the pupa then cracks apart and the inclosed butterfly 
withdraws itself from its pupa case, and stands beside it for a few 
hours for the several parts of its body to dry and acquire their requisite 
solidity and strength, when it flies away in search of its mate. Thus, 
while the winter brood is over half a year in completing its trans¬ 
formations, the summer broods reach maturity in from four to six 
weeks, the period appearing to vary as the weather is more or less 
warm and dry. 
The BCTTP.nvLY varies from 0.00 to 0.70 in length and from 1.80 to 2.15 in width 
across its spread wings. Its body is black and clothed "with hairs or in some places 
with scales. The head is thickly covered with shortish hairs, which are black and 
