556 
annual Report of New York 
These pup® vary somewhat in their size, but are commonly 0.75 long, 0.20 broad, 
and 0.20 high. 1 hey are divided into thirteen segments, by transverse sutures which 
are for the most part quite distinct. On the back, which is downward as the pupa 
reposes suspended in its loop, the first suture crosses the anterior part of the elevated 
nose-like protuberance, frequently making a slight notch therein. The second seg¬ 
ment or prothorax case is large and strongly elevated in the middle, forming the 
nose-like prominence just mentioned. Often a slight notch in the hind part of this 
prominence shows the suture between this segment and the third, which is short, 
and the suture between it and the still shorter fourth segment is quite faint. But 
this fourth segment is readily recognized by the loop which passes across its middle. 
The fifth or first abdominal segment is quite distinct and equals both the preceding 
segments in its length; and on each side it is elevated into a compressed keel-like 
edge, the anterior part of which projects up in an obtuse angular point. The sixth 
segment is still more elevated on each side, the edge jutting up into a sharp point or 
angle. The following segments are plainly marked by conspicuous sutures. They 
on the back are roof-shaped, with an elevated line along the middle, and another, 
less prominent, along each side. On the under side these segments are rounded, 
forming a half cone. 
Its colors are too variable and evanescent to admit of an exact description. When 
it has newly entered the pupa state it is frequently bright green, with a bright yel¬ 
low line along the middle of the back and a white lino on each side, and some black 
marks and numerous dots. Of these colors the last only remains, the others fading 
away, and the pupa usually becomes dull gray, marked with black as follows: A 
stripe on each side of the conical horn in front; a spot on the apex of the nose-like 
prominence; a spot on the angular points on each side of the fifth and sixth scg-. 
meuts; numerous small dots symmetrically placed, the more conspicuous ones being 
a row along the middle of the back, placed one at the anterior edge of each abdom¬ 
inal segment; a lateral row of smaller ones, placed on the anterior angles of the 
same segments; four small ones in a transverse row across the middle of the sixth 
segment, and six in a similar row on the seventh segment; numerous fine dots on 
the veins of the wing-sheaths, and a row of larger ones alternating with the tips of 
the veins. , 
In summer this insect remains in its pupa state sometimes only a 
week. Therefore, as it continues about a week in the egg, and the 
larva completes its growth in a fortnight, and then reposes two or 
three days suspended in its loop, these cabbage worms can grow up 
to their perfect form in one month from the time the eggs are laid. 
'I'lie duration of this chrysalis state, however, is extremely variable. 
This is the more remarkable, as the larva is so constant in com¬ 
pleting its growth in fourteen days. Joseph L’Admiral, long ago, 
published the dates when five of these cabbage worms took on their 
pupa form, and when these pupae gave out the butterflies. I have 
completed similar observations in four instances, having several 
others still in hand to become completed the coming season. These 
observed instances, combined, form an interesting table, showing 
how very irregular is the duration of the chrysalis state in this spe¬ 
cies, no other insect within my knowledge being thus erratic. Each 
