State Agricultural Society. 
559 
afterward forgotten, and completed their transformations thus closely 
inclosed. It would hence appear that seclusion from the light tends 
to produce this yellow variety. 
This species is very common in all the countries of Europe, from 
Lapland to the Mediterranean. Boisduval states that it also inhabits 
Barbary, Egypt, Siberia, Asia Minor and Cashmere. 
In a collection received from the late M. S. Culbertson, D. D., 
Missionary of the Presbyterian Board at Shanghai, China, are a dozen 
specimens which present such slight and unessential differences that 
I cannot deem them anything else than a local variety of this species. 
In the males the spot at tip of the fore wings is larger, extending the 
same distance on the hind side of the wing that it does on the costal 
side, and is darker colored from being less dusted with scales, and 
these scales are sky blue instead of white, and are most numerous 
along the costal side of the spot. The second spot on the under side 
has opposite it on the upper side a few black scales forming a faint 
cloud in most of the examples. On their under side the fore wings 
are more broadly stained with sulphur yellow on their outer base, this 
stain being faintly prolonged along the costa to the yellow spot at the 
tip; and upon the inner side of this yellow stain is a faint brown or 
smoky streak, formed by a cluster of black scales in the hind part of 
the discoidal cell toward its outer side ; this streak being distinct and 
quite obvious to the eye in each of these examples, yet in none of 
my American or European specimens do I perceive any traces of it. 
The tips of the fore wings beneath, and the surface of the hind wings 
are pale ochre and brighter yellow than in our insects, and the hind 
wings are less dusted with black scales, these scales being most dense 
in the inner half of the discoidal cell, whilst the outer part of this 
cell and all the hind half of the wing is nearly or quite destitute of 
them. In the female the black spot on the tip of the fore win^s is 
larger, more broad and more nearly square than in our insects. 
This new insect, on this side of the Atlantic, is currently termed 
the cabbage worm. In Europe, everywhere in company with it is 
another very similar but larger species, which is called the cabbage 
butterfly, its scientific name also being Pieris Brassicee; and this 
smaller species is distinguished by the names small white butterfly, 
small white garden butterfly, small white cabbage butterfly, and in 
conformity with its scientific name it is also termed the turnip but¬ 
terfly. This last we regard as its most appropriate name, its larva 
being equally common on the leaves of the turnip and ruta-baga as on 
those of the cabbage ; though as they do but little injury to the tur- 
