Chapter II. 
they drove out the Mazrui from Mombasa and re-established 
their own effective domination there in 1837. 
The Portuguese domination is recorded by the ancient fort, 
a massive edifice built towards the end of the sixteenth 
century, several times dismantled, but which still stands and 
bears cut in the stone the Christian symbol “ I.H.S.,” together 
with the eagles of the Austro-Spanish dynasty which governed 
Portugal in 1635, when the fort was restored. It now contains 
the prisons and a military store-house. 
After 1848, English and German geographical exploring 
expeditions followed one another. In their wake were formed 
colonial trading companies, which established themselves on the 
coast and penetrated the country little by little, gradually 
obtaining concessions from the Sultanate of Zanzibar or through 
treaty with native chiefs. Anglican and Catholic missionaries 
next made their way still further into the interior, where they 
had been preceded by the Mohammedans. In consequence, 
religious wars lacerated Uganda for many years. In 1890, 
Germany and England established by treaty their respective 
zones of influence. Three years later, the Imperial Government 
of Great Britain took over the protectorate, and since then has 
pushed the occupation up to the boundaries of the Congo 
State. 
On the morning of the 4th of May, Lieutenant Winspeare 
was carried to the hospital, which stands on a healthy, airy, 
and pleasant site overlooking the ocean and the picturesque 
Portuguese fort. The grey sky and fine rain seemed to fit the 
depression which all felt at having to leave a comrade behind 
at the very outset of the undertaking. Lieutenant Winspeare 
recovered sufficiently to leave Mombasa to return to Eurojje on 
the 12th of May. 
36 
