Chapter I. 
In the month of December, 1899, Stanley at last finished his 
venturesome journey and reached Zanzibar with Emin Pasha and 
his followers. A few months later, Emin Pasha, at the head of 
a German expedition, set forth again to return to the equatorial 
lakes. About the beginning of June, 1891, he found himself once 
more on the western slope of Puwenzori, encamped at Karevia, 
near the southern course of the Semliki (Issango) river. 
It was from this encampment, 4,364 feet of altitude, that 
Dr. F. Stuhlmann, one of the members of the expedition, made a 
five days’ excursion up the valley of Butagu, one of the largest 
of the western valleys of the chain. He reached an altitude of 
13,326 feet, not very far from the snow, in sight of two snowy 
mountains. 
He was obliged to return, owing to his limited means of 
transport and to the sufferings of the natives from cold. A good 
naturalist, a first-rate explorer and a painstaking observer, 
Stuhlmann was the first to give an accurate description of the 
successive zones of vegetation in its varying forms at different 
altitudes. He proved clearly that Puwenzori is not a single 
mountain, but a real range. He distinguished four principal 
groups to which he gave, proceeding from north to south, the 
names Kraepelin, Moebius (the highest peak called Kanjangungwe 
by the natives), Semper (Ngemwimbi of the natives), and 
Weismann. He was able to photograph two of these groups 
from the upper Butagu Valley. He also showed that Stairs’ 
suggestion of a volcanic origin for the range is without 
foundation. Strange as it may seem, he failed to recognize the 
presence of true glaciers, but was rather inclined to regard them 
as mere accumulations of snow. 
Stuhlmann was succeeded in the exploration of Ruwenzori 
by the naturalist G. F. Scott Elliot in the years 1894-95. He 
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