521 
Favero ef al: Variation in egg size of Engraulis anchoita in the southeastern Brazilian Bight 
Table 2 
Mean, with standard deviation (SD), and the range of temperature (°C; Temp.) and salinity (Sal.) values measured at a 
10-m depth during summer and winter of 2001 and 2002 in the northern area of the southeastern Brazilian Bight. Results 
are given from analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a posteriori Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test that com¬ 
pared means between the summer and winter of 2001 and 2002. S01=summer 2001; WQl=winter 2001; S02=summer 2002; 
W02=winter 2002. 
Period 
ANOVA 
Tukey’s HSB (?) 
Summer 2001 Winter 2001 Summer 2002 Winter 2002 
SOI vs. W01 S02 vs. W02 
Temp. 
Sal. 
Mean (SD) 
Range 
Mean (SD) 
Range 
24.65 (3.18) 
14.70-27.65 
36.83 (0.42) 
35.73-37.48 
22.77 (0.62) 
22.17-24.72 
36.04 (0.53) 
35.14-37.14 
23.79 (2.86) 
14.88-27.08 
36.08 (0.69) 
34.67-37.01 
22.32 (1.21) 
16.50-24.44 
35.58 (1.04) 
33.16-37.37 
8.732 
15.13 
< 0.01 
< 0.01 
0.009 
0.002 
0.001 
0.003 
SST: Feb/2001 pc] 
SST: Jul/2001 pc] 
SST: Jan/2002 
SST: Aug/2002 
Figure 2 
Horizontal distribution of sea-surface temperature (SST, °C), based on sat¬ 
ellite data, during the winter (February or January) and summer (July or 
August) of 2001 and 2002 in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean off Brazil. The 
black line highlights the northern part of the southeastern Brazilian Bight 
that was the study area in 2002. 
vided another indicator of SACW intrusion, which was 
greatest in summer for both years. Mean salinity at a 
depth of 10 m also varied significantly within the pe¬ 
riods analyzed (F=15.13, df=3, P<0.01), with summer 
values higher than winter values in both years (Table 
2 ). 
The SST fields of the southwestern Atlantic showed 
strong thermal gradients in summer as a consequence 
of the mixing of relatively warmer waters from the 
Brazil Current and colder waters transported by the 
Malvinas Current from the south. Strong thermal gra¬ 
dients were also observed during winter but those were 
restricted to the Brazilian coast because of a northward 
advection of colder coastal waters coming from higher 
latitudes over the continental shelf and the weakening 
of the Brazil Current. No colder coastal waters corning 
from the south were observed in summer close to the 
study area (Fig. 2). 
