478 
Fishery Bulletin 11 5(4) 
0 
JD 
E 
d 
c 
2.5 
2 
1.5 
> 
o 
o 
o 
Q. 
O 
0 
> 
0 
T5 
0 
JD 
E 
c 05 
H— 
o 
c 
o 
3 
0 
o 
£ « 
E 
(L> 
« 2 
o 
o 
>. 
X 
E 
a) 
<D 
<D 
Q) 
-Q 
E 
1.5 
0.5 
2.5 
1.5 
0.5 
O O 
O O O OOO 00 
O O OO O O OOOOOO <D o 
cdoo cdo (trxtrrrttiijOEKKXD o 
0D XOCKEOBMKIOBiLn OOO 
OO O O OO 
OOCD O 
CODO 00 X 0 O ODE OCDO 
OOO o o o 
y = 2.7008x- 10.471 
d = 0.2188 
P<0.0001 
B 
o o o 
O O OO OO o 
O CD €D OGDGOO «D O HD 
ooo ©oxi airaiiinmintinDDOioc 
O OOO 
O OO o 
<D X 
CGDO < 3 DO O OX 
O OOCD ODCDOO CDCESB 0 GDO© 
-o-n—®—©■—<000 <D<30- - O - O 
y= 3.0431X-12.224 
P = 0.1324 
P< 0.0001 
QD OO 
O O 
CD OOOOOO <D O 
o ox ocjcxooamxaiEDO ooxa 
€D( 
>ooo o 
'SCXDXCDSIDGEXD CDO ODO O 
o oo ooao oo acamo geo o 
>3 2985x- 13 423 
I s = 0.1378 
P<0.0001 
o 
4.3 
4.35 
O OO X o 
4.4 4.45 
GD 
4.6 
4.65 
4.5 4.55 
Ln of stretched total length 
Figure 2 
Comparison of fecundity estimates with stretched total length of female 
spiny dogfish {Squalus acanthis) collected off southern New England and 
New Jersey in 2013 to 2015, by using the natural log (In) of numbers 
for (AI developing oocytes, (B) total embryos (candled embryo litters and 
free-living embryo litters), and (C) free-living embryos only. Each oocyte 
or embryo is represented by an open circle, and the regression line is 
included. r 2 =coefficient of determination. 
4.7 
classes (Table 2). The only exception is the 95-99 cm 
STL size class for free-living embryos, which shows 
a decrease from the previous size class; however, the 
mean number nearly triples for free-living embryos 
and nearly doubles for total embryos from the small¬ 
est to the largest size class (Table 2). A plot showing 
fecundity by size class and female spawning stock bio¬ 
mass over time reveals a divergent pattern between 
fecundity and biomass during the 2000s (Fig. 3). Corre¬ 
lation analyses indicate negative correlations between 
female spawning stock biomass and fecundity for each 
size class, although significant correlations were found 
only within the smallest (80-84 cm STL) and largest 
(95-99 cm STL) size classes analyzed (Fig. 4). Analy- 
