544 
National Marine 
Fisheries Service 
NOAA 
Abstract —Migratory behavior af¬ 
fects growth, survival, and fitness 
of individual fish, the dynamics and 
resilience of populations, and the 
ecosystems that fish occupy. Many 
salmonids are anadromous but in¬ 
dividuals vary in the duration and 
spatial extent of marine migrations. 
We used telemetry to investigate 
movements of Chinook salmon ( On- 
corhynchus tshawytscha) that re¬ 
mained in Puget Sound (residents) 
rather than migrated to the Pacific 
Ocean. Most tagged Chinook salmon 
(26 of 37=70%) remained in Puget 
Sound for a substantial period, stay¬ 
ing in the region where captured. 
However, 30% of tagged individuals, 
termed “transients,” subsequently 
left Puget Sound. Residents and 
transients did not differ in tagging 
date, body size, or origin (hatchery 
or wild). Compared with sympatric 
coho salmon (O. kisutch) where 80% 
remained as residents according to 
similar data, Chinook salmon tend¬ 
ed to be detected closer to shore, in 
shallower water, and on fewer dif¬ 
ferent receivers. For both species, 
residents showed limited movement 
within Puget Sound. We conclude 
that Chinook and coho salmon dis¬ 
play resident and transient move¬ 
ment patterns across a behavioral 
continuum rather than within dis¬ 
crete migrational categories. These 
movement patterns are important 
because they affect the role of salm¬ 
on in the ecosystem, their vulner¬ 
ability to fisheries, and their accu¬ 
mulation of chemical contaminants. 
Manuscript submitted 11 January 2017. 
Manuscript accepted 24 August 2017. 
Fish. Bull. 115:544-555 (2017). 
Online publication date: 14 September 2017. 
doi: 10.7755/FB.115.4.10 
The views and opinions expressed or 
implied in this article are those of the 
author (or authors) and do not necessarily 
reflect the position of the National 
Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. 
Fishery Bulletin 
fir established in 1881 -<r> 
Spencer F. Baird 
First U S Commissioner 
of Fisheries and founder 
of Fishery Bulletin 
Residency, partial migration, and late egress 
of subadult Chinook salmon (Qncorhynchus 
tshawytscha) and coho salmon (O. kisutch) in 
Puget Sound, Washington 
Anna N. Kagley {contact author) 1 
Joseph M. Smith 2 
Kurt L. Fresh 1 
Kinsey E. Frick 1 
Thomas P. Quinn 2 
Email address for contact author: anna.kagley@noaa.gov 
1 Northwest Fisheries Science Center 
National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA 
2725 Montlake Boulevard East 
Seattle, Washington 98112 
2 School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences 
University of Washington 
Box 355020 
Seattle, Washington 98195 
Many of the world’s most abundant 
fish species are migratory within 
fresh or marine waters or between 
these distinct environments (Lucas 
and Baras, 2001; Secor, 2015). How¬ 
ever, species and populations often 
vary greatly in the prevalence, dura¬ 
tion, and spatial extent of their mi¬ 
grations (Quinn and Brodeur, 1991; 
Chapman et al., 2012a; Chapman 
et al., 2012b). Such variation (e.g., 
partial and differential migration) 
can affect the population’s stability 
through alterations in exposure to 
predators, fisheries, and contami¬ 
nants (Kerr et al., 2010; Gahagan 
et al., 2015). Consequently, a full 
understanding of variation in move¬ 
ment patterns is important for man¬ 
agement of these populations, such 
as conservation planning and the 
measurement of survival. 
Among fishes, salmonids show a 
particularly wide variety of migra¬ 
tion patterns (Jonsson and Jonsson, 
1993; Klemetsen et al., 2003; Quinn 
and Myers, 2004). These patterns 
have been studied extensively ow¬ 
ing to the importance of salmonids 
in commercial and recreational fish¬ 
eries, ecosystem function, and bio¬ 
diversity (NRC, 1996). Many stud¬ 
ies have investigated the ecological 
and evolutionary basis of anadromy 
and nonanadromy (Wood and Foote, 
1996; Dodson et al., 2013; Kendall 
et al., 2015) but there is also great 
variation in the extent of migra¬ 
tion among anadromous individu¬ 
als, especially for Chinook salmon 
(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). The 
tendency to use different marine en¬ 
vironments (coastal and open ocean) 
varies markedly among populations, 
as does the tendency to migrate 
northward or southward along the 
coast of North America (Myers et al., 
1998; Trudel et al., 2009; Weitkamp, 
2010; Sharma and Quinn, 2012). In 
addition, some individuals do not 
migrate into the North Pacific Ocean 
but rather spend all or most of their 
