our trouble in washing and mailing it. 
It may either be sown now or in spring. 
Sow in a box of fine leaf mould and sand 
mixed and they will grow readily. 
SEEDS FOR FALL SOWING. 
In the extreme south there is yet time to 
plant nearly all varieties of vegetable seeds 
and perfect a crop before Christmas, in 
fact these fall crops are more likely to 
grow-well and escape a severe drought at a 
critical time, than from early spring sown 
seeds. But in the Northern and Middle 
States there are but few kinds which may 
yet be sown with any prospect of perfect¬ 
ing a crop. Many successful gardeners 
however prefer to sow seeds of Cauliflower, 
Cabbage. Lettuce and Onions about the 
middle of September, and carry the half- 
grown plants through the winter, in order 
that thej T may have an earlier start than 
could otherwise be given them the following 
spring. 
LACK AW ANN A. CAULIFLOWER. 
For this purpose Cabbage and Cauliflower 
seeds should be sown in a rich bed in the 
open ground from the tenth to the twentieth 
of September. Strict attention to the date 
is necessary, for if sown too soon, the plants 
will become too large before winter and 
have a tendency to run up to seed in spring 
instead of producing fine heads. There will 
be no trouble in producing plants at this 
season of the year, the last brood of the flea- 
beetles, so destructive in spring, having 
passed away for the season. As soon as the 
plants have become large enough to handle 
conveniently, or from four to six inches 
high, they must be transplanted into a cold- 
frame,—which is a hot-bed without bottom 
heat.—in rows six inches apart and about 
two inches apart in the row. In transplant¬ 
ing, the plant must be set as deeply in the 
soil as possible without covering the bud or 
heart. So set, the plants will be less liable 
to be heaved out by frost and the soil will 
protect the stems from severe freezing and 
splitting which they encounter when not so 
transplanted. These beds are left exposed 
until freezing weather sets in when they 
must be covered with sash, and in case the 
weather becomes very severe, straw mats 
or blankets of some sort may be added. The 
beds will require careful attention during 
the winter. In mild weather the sashes 
should be removed during the day .and the 
plants aired in order that they may remain 
healthy and retain a vigorous color. Such 
plants may be so hardened that they may be 
set in the garden during the first mild weath¬ 
er in April, and they will be much in ad¬ 
vance of spring sown seeds in maturing a 
crop. Most gardeners also plant out lettuce 
alternately in the rows with the early cab¬ 
bages. This, being of a quicker growth, 
may be marketed before the cabbages will 
require the whole room. 
Onions are also largely sown in Septem¬ 
ber, and the practice is, on several accounts, 
to be preferred to spring sowing. There is 
more time in fall than in spring to get a bed 
in good condition for the seeds, and as they 
start much earlier than from spring-sown 
seeds, there is consequently much less labor 
required to keep them free from weeds 
which it is absolutely necessary to do in or¬ 
der to perfect a crop. The time of sowing 
is not so important as with cabbage, though 
if sown too early they are less likely to bot¬ 
tom well, while, on the other hand, if the 
sowing be deferred until too late, they an* 
less likely to stand the winter without in¬ 
jury. In this latitude from the tenth to the 
twentieth of September is about the proper 
time. Farther south they sh mid, of course, 
be sown correspondingly later, about six 
weeks of growing weather being required to 
