10 
pitch pine, /' rigtda : scrub pine, /’. banksiana ; hemlock, Tanga cana¬ 
densis ; balsam fir, Picea balsamea ; double spruce, . 7 . nigra ; white elm, 
L/imns am erica na ; red or swamp maple, Acer rubrttm ; tulip poplar, 
l.inadendron tulipifera ; and gray or canoe birch, Betnla papyrifera. 
Middle states: chestnut, C. .S'. americana : black oak, Q. c. iinc/oria ; 
white oak, (A ; hickory, Carya fomentosa ; shellbark, C. alba ; pitch 
pine, P. rigid a ; white pine, P. strobus ; chestnut oak, Q. prinns ; red or 
swamp-maple, . 7 . rubrum\ red cedar, / mu perns virginiana ; hemlock 
canadensis', beech, f'errnginea ; tulip poplar, I.. tulipifera ', white elm, 
( americana ; sugar maple, ./. saccharinnm; white cedar, Chanuccy paris 
sp/ucroidea ; occasionally white ash, P'raxinns americana ; wild red 
cherry, Prunus Pennsylvania ; wild black cherry, P. serotina\ flowering 
dogwood, Cornns Jlarida\ American holley, //e.v opaca\ apple, Pyrns 
mains ; yellow birch, />’. Intea ; black birch, /A lenta ; and white birch, 
/>. <r popnli/olia. Southern states : yellow or long leaved pine, Pinns 
palnstris ; short leaved pine, P mitis ; white or spruce pine, /' glabra ; 
pitch pine, australis ; cypress, Taxodinm distichum ; live oak, (A 
7 ‘irens ; beech, P'.ferrnginea ; swamp maple, . /. rnbrnm ; red cedar, 
/ 1‘irginiana ; elm, ^ americana ', tulip poplar, A. tulipifera ; pecan, 
Carya olivte formis\ and hackberry, Cell is occidentalis. Western states: 
Spanish oak, (A falcata ; white oak, (A alba \ red maple, ./. rnbrnm', 
Sycamore, /Hatanns accidentalis\ cottonwood populus, monilifera ; beech. 
/• f'errnginea ; poplar, A tulipifera ; white walnut, Jnglans cinerea ; 
white elm, f ’, americana ; tamarack, l.arix amcHcana or A. occiden¬ 
talis ; ash, Praxinns americana and /•’. qnadrang-nlata. California . 
live oak, ^A chrysolepis ; white oak. (A alba \ willow, ,SVr//.v f /7 cotton¬ 
wood, /'. monilifera ; ash, /•'. oregana ; and alder, Xegnndo acer 
aides (?). 
Position. — The nest is usually placed in the upright fork or crotch ol 
a tree, not seldom on a horizontal branch, at no great distance from the pole 
or main stem Mr. C. W. Crandall discovered a nest on Long Island, 
N V., in a most peculiar and unique position. In his own words: “ Look¬ 
ing from the brow of a hill some thirtv feet high, I discovered a nest 
situated in the fork of a chestnut tree, which was at the base of the hill, 
the nest being placed forty-five feet up. The parent bird was sitting, and 
strange to say, was entirely visible from where I stood. Thinking this 
was very peculiar. T resolved to investigate. Upon climbing to the 
nest. T found that by some means, probably a heavy wind, it had become 
dislodged and had turned almost completely on its side, the eggs just 
being held in by the rim of the nest. The bird had to sit with one side 
against the bottom of the nest, with the other side exposed/' 
