Woods of North-East Kent . 893 
(b) Woods on alluvial soils possessing a flora allied to that of the 
Tertiary deposits. The following woods of this type have been investigated 
in the Faversham district :— 
Willow Wood, portions of Kemsdale and Sandbanks Woods. 
(1) Sandbanks Wood. The alluvium occurs at the bottom of a steep 
slope of typical Thanet Sand (see p. 880). Only the shade flora has been 
investigated. 
On passing to the alluvium from the Thanet Sand, Ash appears, and 
to a great extent replaces the Chestnut (Castanea sativa , Mill.) ; Hazel is 
occasionally present. Rannncidus Ficaria , L., is found in great abundance. 
Adoxa Moschatellina , L., and Mercurialis perennis , L., are absent from all 
parts of the wood. 
(2) Willow and Kemsdale Woods. The soils of each of these woods 
abuts on an area of Thanet Sand. The woods consist of copse, the standard 
trees being Oak [Quercuspedttncidaia,ILhvh.,and Quercus sessiliflora , Salisb.), 
while the underwood is made up chiefly of Chestnut [Castanea sativa, Mill.). 
Ash, Hazel, and Willow (Salix Caprea , L.) are also frequently found. 
The following plants are abundant in the shade flora :— 
Anemone nemorosa , L. Primula acaulis , L. 
Adoxa Moschatellina, L. Endymion nutans , Dum. 
The light flora closely resembles that of the Thanet Sand, but includes the 
following species commonly found on the Chalk soils :— 
Hypericum hirsutum , L. Inula Conyza , DC. 
Euphorbia amygdaloides , L,, is often abundant. 
Although two types of vegetation can usually be distinguished on the 
alluvial deposits, a consideration of the plants just mentioned will show that 
a certain amount of admixture of the species has taken place. This is not 
surprising as it is unlikely that any alluvial soil has been entirely derived 
from one deposit. It may be provisionally concluded that the composition 
of the flora varies with the composition of the soil. 
General Observations and Summary. 
Attention has already been drawn to the morphological peculiarities of 
the plants making up the greater part of the shade flora of the Chestnut 
copses on the Thanet Sand, and their general distribution in the neigh¬ 
bourhood can now be discussed. The plants in question —Endymion 
nutans , Adoxa Moschatellina , Ranunculus Ficaria , and Arum maculatum — 
all agree in the possession of a bulbous or tuberous rootstock. As pointed 
out by Woodhead (17 and 18 ), the mature bulbs of the Bluebell are found at 
a considerable depth in the soil; the rhizomes of Arum maculatum occupy 
an almost similar position. These two plants will, in consequence, come 
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