881 
Woods of North-East Kent. 
abundant, while Lychnis dioica , L., Viola Riviniana , Reich., Geum urbanum , 
L., Rubus fruticosus , L., Rumex sanguineus , L., Urtica dioica , L., and 
Holcus mollis , L., are found in smaller numbers. 
The Honeysuckle ( Lonicera Periclymenum , L.) is a characteristic 
plant of the Thanet Sand, occurring in much greater abundance on this 
formation than on the Chalk and Clay with Flints. 
It will be noticed that the majority of the plants already mentioned 
are species in which development is completed in the early summer. In 
consequence, in the late summer and autumn these Chestnut coppices 
possess practically no ground flora. 
(b) Woods on the Thanet Sand in the neighbourhood of the Woolwich 
and Reading beds. The following woods of this type have been investi¬ 
gated :— 
In the Faversham district : portions of Bysing, Judd’s, and Perry 
Woods. 
In the Swanley district: portions of Farningham, Jordan’s, and Row- 
hill Woods. In all cases pebbles are present in the soil to a variable 
extent. In other respects the soil is similar to that already described on 
the typical Thanet Sand. 
As before, Chestnut ( Castanea sativa , Mill.) is the chief constituent of 
the coppices, and this species is sometimes present in the form of standards ; 
Oak (chiefly Quercus sessiliflora y Salisb., occasionally Quercus peduncidata , 
Ehrh.) is, however, the most frequently occurring standard tree. Elder 
(Sambucus nigra , L.) is not so abundant as on the typical soil. Beech, 
Hazel, Birch, and Holly are occasionally present. Both Pinus sylvestris , L., 
and Pseudotsuga Douglasii , Carr., are often planted in these copses, generally 
in small numbers, but sometimes forming clumps of considerable extent. 
The ground flora is very scanty, and in some cases is made up entirely 
of Mosses. Of these, Mnium hornum , L., is the most abundant, and this, 
with smaller quantities of Polytrichum attenuatum y Menz., and Leucobryum 
glaucum , Schp., frequently covers more than half of the entire surface, 
giving a very characteristic appearance to these copses. In other cases, 
although the Mosses are still abundant, a few flowering plants are found. 
The following are generally distributed but never occur abundantly. These 
flower freely under the shade conditions :— 
Ajiemone nemorosa , L. ' Primula acaulis , L. 
Oxalis Acetosella, L. Lamium Galeobdolon, Grantz. 
Asperula odorata, L. Endymion nutans , Dum. 
It is interesting to note that Lamium Galeobdolon flowers freely in the 
deep shade of the Chestnut copses on the Thanet Sand, although in the 
mixed copses of the Chalk and Clay with Flints it persists in the vegetative 
