364 
Wilson.—Plant Distribution in the 
account it is possible that traces of the original woodland may remain 
in these spots, although its disappearance from the surrounding deposits 
is complete. The Yews give a characteristic appearance to the woods 
(PI. LXIV ; for explanation see description of plate), being found in coppice 
as well as in high wood. In the former they frequently remain uncut 
during the felling, as Yew timber is at present almost useless. 
The majority of the woods are regularly coppiced, but a few high 
woods are found. In these, although Beech is always abundant, a number 
of other species are found. Oak occurs where the soil is sufficiently deep, 
and in a few cases Pinus sylvestris , L., has been planted to a small extent. 
Small plantations of Larch are frequently found on the Chalk, these being, 
in most cases, of recent origin. 
A detailed examination of Badgin Wood, near Faversham, has been 
made, and the southern part of this may be taken as an example of copse 
on the Chalk. 
i. Badgin Wood, which lies about two miles to the south of Faversham 
(Text-fig. i), is about half a mile in length, and varies from a quarter to 
a third of a mile in width. It may be noted that the boundaries of this 
wood shown in a map of the district published by Cowell ( 4 ) in 1839 in his 
‘ Flora of Faversham * coincide exactly with those of the present day. 
The wood is situated partly on the Chalk and partly on the Clay with 
Flints, while a very small area near the south-western corner lies on alluvial 
deposits (Text-fig. 2). The Clay with Flints forms a small plateau in the 
northern part of the wood, the whole of which lies at an altitude of rather 
more than 2co feet. The southern portion lies on a gentle slope, and here 
the Chalk is only covered with a thin layer of soil. The bottom of the dry 
valley, situated to the south of the wood, is occupied by alluvium (PI. LXIV). 
The whole of the wood consists of copse which is regularly felled 
at intervals of about fourteen years, and at the present time different parts 
of the wood show various ages of coppice growth. The depth of soil 
above the Chalk in the southern portion of the wood varies from six inches 
to two feet. Beech occurs most abundantly on the shallowest soil both as 
a standard and also as coppice growth, and at these spots the Yew is also 
found. These shallow soils are characterized by a considerable number of 
species among the underwood. The following occur frequently :— 
Clematis Vitalba, L. 
Acer campestre , L. 
Euonymus europaeus , L. 
Pyrus Aria y Ehrh. 
Cornus sanguine a , L. 
Viburnum Lantana , L. 
Ligustrum vulgar e y L. 
Fraxinus excelsior , L. 
Quercus pedunculata y Ehrh. 
Be tula verrucosa , Ehrh. 
Corylus Avellana , L. 
Towards the south-east corner the soil increases in depth to one foot to 
