Philadelphia Meeting of Geological Society .— Upham. 105 
Preglacial and Postglacial Valleys of the Cuyahoga a,rid Rocky riv¬ 
ers. Warren Upham, St. Paul, Minn. (Read by title.) The Cuya¬ 
hoga river, entering lake Erie at the city of Cleveland, occupies the same 
valley as before the ice age, but the rock bed of the preglacial river is 
more than 200 feet below the present river and level of the lake. About 
eight miles farther west the mouth of the postglacial channel of Rocky 
river, eroded nearly 100 feet deep in the Erie shale, is three-fourths 
of a mile east of the drift-filled preglacial valley, in which a very inter¬ 
esting section of two deposits of till, with intervening stratified sand 
and fine silt, is seen along a distance of one mile of the lake shore. The 
glacial and stratified drift deposited in both these preglacial valleys give 
evidence of a recession and re-advance of the ice-sheet during its general 
stage of formation of the numerous retreatal moraines of the district. 
Pour shore lines, the highest belonging to the Western Erie glacial 
lake and the lower ones to the ensuing lake Warren, are described in 
detail in their course through Cleveland, crossing the Cuyahoga valley. 
The highest or Leipsic beach is traced several miles farther east than it 
was before known, and is thus found to be correlative with the mar¬ 
ginal moraine which extends from Euclid eastward closely parallel with 
the lake shore. 
In the closing part of this paper, the glacial re-advance shown by the 
Rocky river and Cleveland sections is compared with the glacial and in¬ 
terglacial deposits of Toronto and Scarboro’, Ontario, which were latest 
and most fully described by Prof. A. P. Coleman in the last Sept.-Oct. 
number of the Journal of Geology (vol. in, pp. 622-645, with sections). 
Mr. Upham attributes the fluctuations of glaciation which are thus re¬ 
corded on the north side of lake Ontario to a time after the formation 
of the moraines, stratified drift, and upper till, in the vicinity of Cleve¬ 
land. 
After the deposition of the fossiliferous sand and clay beds of the 
Scarboro’ section, an outflow east from the Ontario basin at Rome be¬ 
gan. On account of the depression of the land which brought on this 
final Champlain epoch of the Ice age, the relative hight of the land in 
the vicinity of Toronto, as compared with the depressed region about 
190 miles eastward at Rome, then permitted a stream to erode its valley 
near Toronto to a depth below the present level of lake Ontario. Later, 
and after a temporary advance and second retreat of the ice border at 
Scarboro’ and Toronto, forming a thick till deposit, the differential re- 
elevation of the land, probably 200 to 300 feet more at Rome than in the 
west part of the Ontario basin, caused the water level of lake Iroquois 
to rise gradually on the land westward until it stood at last permanently 
during many years at the conspicuously developed Iroquois beach. 
The uppermost till of the Scarboro’ Heights, that is, the second till 
deposit above the fossiliferous beds, seems to be a retreatal moraine, be¬ 
longing to the second glacial recession, or to a third retreat after a sec¬ 
ond slight re-advance, all considerably antedating the Iroquois beach, 
which lies above all these drift accumulations. 
Paleozoic Terranes in the Connecticut Valley. C. H. Hitchcock, 
Hanover, N. H. As opportunity has been afforded since the termina- 
