162 
The American Geologist. 
March, 1896 
of the others ancl hidden in the matrix. Generally, however, 
the whole fossil appears only as a cuneiform film between two 
thick edges, which are formed by two coinciding grooves, 
while the two originally vertical faces have been folded 
inward between the horizontal ones or partly bulge out from 
between them (pi. VIII, fig. 1, a). Some appendages show 
even only one groove ; the proximal parts of the other grooves, 
however, are also ordinarily traceable into the matrix (pi. 
VIII, fig- 2). It is to be concluded from this that the com¬ 
plete appendages contained grooves which originally did not 
lie in one plane. 
2. The four grooves show exactly the same structure and 
composition as those of C. gracilis , i. e. the V-shaped section, 
the filling with milk white phosphate of lime, the extension of 
the carbonaceous sculptured surface film over them, and 
especially the very characteristic and easily discerned trans¬ 
verse ridges of the side walls of the groove. (Cf. pi. VIII, 
fig. 1, b, 2, 5; pi. IX, figs. 1, 7.) 
3. The space between the grooves of the appendages is 
generally perfectly smooth, thus indicating that between them 
was a connecting wall which is now lost. However, in many 
places the tender carbonaceous surface film is still preserved. 
Where this is the case the longitudinal ribs, as well as the 
characteristic undulating transverse wrinkles, are clearly dis¬ 
cernible, as indicated in plate VIII, figures 1, 2, and plate IX, 
figures, 1, 7, at s. 
I. The carbonaceous cup-shaped bases, by which the sup¬ 
posed young Conularice are attached to the older individuals, 
are exactly similar to those of some larger fossils which 
can be safely referred to C. gracilis , and especially similar to 
the basal cups of the two important specimens reproduced in 
plate VIII, figure I, and plate IX, figure 1. The latter, which, 
on account of its general form, the structure of the four 
grooves and the sculpture of the surface film, must be regar¬ 
ded as identical with, or very closely related to C. gracilis. 
has a beautifully preserved cup of the same size and structure 
as those attached to the original of plate IX, figure 2. 
5. Finally, it may be adduced as an additional argument 
for the similarity of the observed appendages and the shell of 
n Conularia, that in some of the former (cf. plate IX, fig. I, c) 
