Discovery of a Sessile Conularia. — Ruedemann. 165 
next paper), and that the specimen represented in plate VIII, 
figure 1, bears a great number of bases from which the young 
Conularice are broken off. The preservation of the apex 
not only forbids any positive conclusion as to the mode of life 
of the Conularia q but the supposition of their free existence 
seems to be questionable and will, therefore, be discussed in 
another paper. 
As none of the large specimens of C. gracilis have been 
found attached, the question as to mode of life cannot be 
directly answered. It can, how T ever, be remarked that the 
largest specimen in the writer’s collection (length 14.3 cm.) 
is preserved to a breadth of 4 mm. and ends in a deep impres¬ 
sion which could be caused by a cup not larger than the larg¬ 
est well preserved one which has been found. Further, it 
will be noticed that some of the attached shells (Hall’s 
Sphenothallus, pi. IX, ligs. I, 7) have already reached a size 
which renders it improbable that the enclosed animals should 
still have changed their mode of life. 
Explanation of Plates. 
Plate viii. 
Fig. 1. Conularia gracilis Hall, with attached young, a, wall pressed 
out: b, transverse striation of groove ; c, apertural process of wall; s, 
sculpture of surface discernible. X2. 
Fig. 2. C. gracilis , with attached young, s, fragments of sculp¬ 
tured wall. X2. 
Fig. 3. Young C. gracilis , with four distinct edges, attached to an 
older shell. X2. 
Fig. 4. Detached specimen of C. gracilis, s, surface film. X2. 
Fig. 5. Group of very young specimens of Conularia cf. gracilis 
Hall, attached to a shell fragment. X2. 
Fig. 6. C. gracilis. Fragment of the wall. X2. 
Plate ix. 
Fig. 1. C. gracilis on Trochonema cf. hmmonius Hall. Natural 
size. 
Fig. 2. Sulcus at the edge of C. gracilis , exterior view, a, surface 
film ; b, second film ; c. filling prism ; d , side walls of groove. X4. 
Fig. 3. The same, interior view. X4. 
Fig. 4. The same, transverse section. X4. 
Fig. 5. C. gracilis Natural size. 
Fig. 6. Enlarged sculpture. Xl3. 
Fig. 7. Conularia cf. gracilis Hall ( Sphenothallus angustifolius 
Hall), s, sculpture of surface discernible. Natural size. 
