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CONTENTS. 
Introduction. page. 
Formations from which the soils of Florida are derived. 7 
Oligocene _ 7 
Vicksburg limestone. 8 
Table of geologic formations in Florida. 9 
Chattahoochee formation . 12 
Tampa formation . 13 
Hawthorne formation . 14 
Alum Bluff formation. 14 
Miocene . 14 
Jacksonville formation . 14 
Choctawhatchee marl . 15 
Pliocene .. .. . 16 
Caloosahatchee marl . 16 
Nashua marl . 16 
Alachua clay . 16 
Bone Valley formation. 16 
Dunnellon formation . 16 
Pleistocene . 17 
Miami limestone . 18 
Key West limestone. 18 
Key Largo limestone. 18 
Anastasia formation. 18 
Unclassified grits, sands, and sandy clays. 19 
Surface sands .. 22 
Age of the sands and sandy clays. 25 
Topography . 27 
Controlled by Oligocene limestones. 28 
The gulf hammock belt. 28 
The hard rock phosphate belt. 29 
Middle Florida hammock belt. 30 
• The lake region.. 30 
Controlled by Pleistocene limestones. 31 
Non-limestone sections of the State. 32 
Influence of drainage on soils. 35 
Organic matter . 35 
The color. 35 
The water table . 36 
The hardpan . 37 
Translocation of clay particles. 38 
Soils . 39 
General considerations . 39 
The chemical elements . 39 
Chemical elements essential to plant growth. 41 
Relative abundance of the essential plant elements. 41 
Plant food taken from the soil. 42 
Calcium . 42 
Iron . 43 
Magnesium . 43 
Nitrogen . .. 43 
Phosphorus . 44 
Potassium .. 44 
« Sulphur . 44 
Plant food taken from the water and from the atmosphere.... 44 
Hydrogen . 44 
Oxygen . 45 
Carbon . 46 
Fertilizers and fertilization. 48 
Chemical Analyses. 48 
