VERTEBRATA AT VERO. 
51 
tory surfaces, is 42 mm. In a buck of 0 . virginianus at hand the 
corresponding length is 50 mm. 
From the locality just mentioned there have been secured 50 
deer bones representing at least three individuals. Among these 
bones are an axis; a first dorsal vertebra; two second dorsals, of 
which one fits closely the first dorsal present; a badly preserved, 
more posteriorly situated, dorsal; three lumbars, the third, fourth 
and fifth, which connect as well as in a recent skeleton; the complete 
sacrum; three innominate bones, two of which undoubtedly belong 
with the sacrum; and other bones, some of which will be mentioned 
later. It is necessary to compare these with corresponding bones 
of other deer. The centrum of the second dorsal lacks the hinder 
epiphysis; the corresponding one of 0 . virginianus retains it, but 
shows the suture. The two centra had almost exactly the same 
length. The rear of that of the Virginia deer, taken across the 
surfaces for the ribs, is 32 mm. wide; that of the fossil, 35 mm. 
The extreme width of the bones is almost exactly the same. The 
spine of the fossil vertebra is somewhat higher, but it is narrower 
from front to rear than the other. The surface for the tuberculum 
of the rib extends backward in the fossil farther than in the existing 
deer. The horizontal diameter of the spinal canal is considerably 
larger in the existing deer (18 mm.) than in the fossil (16 mm.). 
In a young 0 . osceola the diameter is 17 mm. 
The hinder epiphysis of the fossil second vertebra is gone; but 
the length was that of the same vertebra of 0 . virginianus used 
for comparison. The width of the hinder end of the centrum of 
the fossil was apparently a little less than that of the existing deer. 
The extreme width across the transverse processes in the fossil is 
44 mm.; in the existing deer, 56 mm. In the fossil the surface for 
the tuberculum of the rib extends backward considerably behind the 
notch for the exit of the spinal nerve; while in 0 . virginianus it 
stops well in front of the notch. In 0 . osceola the process reaches 
nearly to a perpendicular from the notch. 
The three lumbars of the fossil, Nos. 7000, 7765, and 7766, 
have the length only slightly less than that of the same bones in 
0 . virginianus. The width across the processes supporting the 
anterior zygapophysis of the third lumbars is 29 mm.; in 0 . virgin¬ 
ianus, 31 mm. The distance across the postzygapophysis in the 
fossil is 23 mm.; in the other deer, 26 mm. The transverse pro¬ 
cesses of the fossil vertebrae are missing, but evidently they were 
5 
