58 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY—NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. 
MEASUREMENTS OF LOWER JAWS AND TEETH IN MILLIMETERS. 
V. palmaria 
V. fulva 
V. macroura 
Type 
No. 810 
No. 67384 
Length from rear pm 4 to rear canine 
40.0 
38.0 
42.0 
Height of jaw at rear of pm 4 _ 
18.0 
13.5 
14.0 
Thickness of jaw at rear of pm 4 
. _ 7-2 
6.0 
7.0 
Height of jaw at front of pm 3 
14.0 
11.4 
13-0 
Thickness of jaw at front of pm 3 
- 7.0 
6.0 
6.0 
Length of pm 3 
- 9.1 
9.0 
10.0 
Width of pm 3 _ 
- 3-5 
3-2 
3-4 
Length of pm 4 
10.4 
9.6 
10.0 
Width of pm 4 
4-3 
4.1 
4.0 
Side-to-side diameter of socket of canine _ 
_____ 6.5 
5.1 
_ 
The skulls numbered 810 and 67384 are in the U. S. National 
Museum. 
That the fossil jaw belonged to a fox and not to a coyote is 
shown from the following considerations: 1. On the inner side 
of the talon of pm 4 there is in the coyotes a well-developed basin 
which involves the hinder border of the principal cusp. In the red 
fox this is much less strongly developed. In the fossil it is little 
developed; so little that the talon, instead of being as wide as or 
wider than the base of the principal cusp, is narrower. The corre¬ 
sponding part of pm 3 resembles that of the. fox much more than 
that of the coyote. 2. In the coyote there is almost always a well- 
developed cusp behind the main one in the third premolar. In the 
fox this is sometimes distinct; but is usually small and more often 
wholly wanting. In the fossil it is altogether wanting. 
A comparison of the measurements given shows clearly that the 
lower jaw of V. palmaria was much heavier than that of V. fulva. 
In the former the height at the rear of the fourth premolar is 45 
per cent, of the distance from the rear of the canine to the rear of 
pm 4 ; while in the specimen of F. fulva it is only 34 per cent. In 
thickness the percentages are respectively 18 and 15.8. In the 
fossil the length of the third premolar is relatively slightly less than 
in V. fulva, the percentages being respectively 22.7 and 23. On the 
other hand the fourth premolar of the fossil is slightly longer, the 
percentages being 26 and 25.2. 
From a cave at Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania, Cope ( Jour. Acad. 
Nat. Sci., Phila., Vol. II, 1899, p. 228, pi. XVIII, figs. 4, 4a) 
described a fox which he called Vulpes latidentatus . This was 
