VERTEBRATA AT VERO. 
63 
MEASUREMENTS OF HUMERI OF CANIDAE. 
Fossil 
Dog 
Coyote 
Red Fox 
6735 
21989 
1326 
21158 
Total length 
Length from head to distal end of outer 
132 
134 
153 
ii 7 
condyle 
129 
130 
151 
US 
From front of bone to rear of head_ 
Fore-and-aft diameter at middle of total 
34 
36 
34 
23.5 
length 
14.8 
15 
12 
8 
Side-to-side diameter at mid-length_ 
10.5 
13 
10 
7 
Greatest distance across epicondyles- 
26.5 
3 i 
28 
18 
Width lower articular surface 
18.5 
19.2 
19 
11 
The bone numbered 21989 is that of a domestic dog whose skull 
had a vertex length of 170 mm. and a width of 115 mm. across the 
zygomatic arches. No. 1326 is a bone of a coyote found in Neb¬ 
raska. The fox is from Brownville, Maine. 
It will be seen that the fossil humerus resembles that of the dog 
more closely than that of either the coyote or the fox; but the 
anteroposterior distance through the head is a little less in the fossil 
than in the dog and the shaft is more compressed, the side-to-side 
diameter being 8 per cent, of the total length; while in the dog this 
diameter is 10 per cent, of the length. The distal end of the bone 
is also narrower than in the dog. The inner epicondyle of the 
fossil is less developed and is flatter than in the dog. 
A reference to the table shows that the humerus in question 
cannot have belonged to an animal at all like the red fox; nor to 
the fox Vulpes palmaria, which was about the size of V. fulva; nor 
to Canis riviveronis, which we may suppose from its jaw and teeth 
to have had the size of a coyote. It seems evident that there is in 
No. 3 a small heavy-set dog which is not known from skull remains. 
The naming of it may be deferred until better material has been 
secured. 
The radius just mentioned is here compared with the same bone 
of the domestic dog and that of the coyote. 
