HUMAN REMAINS AT VERO. 
73 
found by the waters of this stream and that they became entombed at the same 
time and in the same way as the sand, shell fragments, pieces of wood and 
other materials of this deposit. These bones are, therefore, unquestionably 
fossils of this formation and were not subsequently introduced into the deposit 
by human agency or in any other way. 
Fig. i:—Ground plan showing the location of human bones found in the 
canal bank at Vero in April and in June, 1916. Index to bones: 1, left ulna; 
2, a part of the shaft of the same bone; 3, left femur; 9, a part of the shaft of 
the same bone; 4, radius; 5, metatarsal; 6, astragalus.; 7, external cuneiform; 
8, part of ilium. Courtesy of University of Chicago Press. 
After the photographs were taken excavating at this locality was continued 
and human bones were collected over the area indicated in the accompanying 
sketch. The manner of occurrence of the human skull is instructive. Scarcely 
one-half of the skull was obtained, and the pieces that were secured were dis¬ 
tributed over an area of not less than seven by three feet. The broken skull 
fragments fit together securely. Most of the skull pieces were found in the 
sand containing the broken pieces of marine shells, and it is evident that they 
were washed to their present resting place in the same way and at the same 
time as the radius and the other bones. The absence of bones and parts of 
bones is as instructive as the condition of the bones themselves. Of the jaws, 
for instance, there has been obtained only the right ascending ramus. This 
piece of bone is well preserved and the break shows a sharp fracture. There is 
no reason, therefore, to doubt but that the part of the jaw that is missing, if 
included within this formation at all, is also well mineralized. The same is true 
of the radius of the left femur and of the skull bones, as well as of the skeleton 
as a whole. From the time of the location of these bones in April to the confer¬ 
ence in October, the bank at this place was worked only by hand trowels and the 
material after being worked by the trowels was passed through screens, much 
of it being double screened through coarse and fine mesh. At no time were 
