HUMAN REMAINS AT VERO. 
77 
artifacts which have been obtained from stratum No. 2, MacCurdy 
is disposed to account for as accidental inclusions. 
Additional evidence for referring the deposits containing the 
human materials to the Pleistocene has been derived from the 
detailed study which has been made of the vertebrate and plant 
fossils. Careful studies have now been made of the mammals, 
birds, turtles and plants. In each group is found extinct species, as 
well as other species, which at the. present time do not extend their 
range into Florida. However, inasmuch as the papers relating to 
these fossils are available through the Survey reports, it will not be 
necessary to review them here, except possibly to note the relative 
proportion of extinct species in each group, particularly as applied 
to the upper part of the deposits. 
Of the mammals of stratum No. 3, as identified by Dr. Hay, 
almost one-half are extinct. Of six birds specifically identifiable 
from this stratum, two, or 33 per cent, according to Dr. Shufeldt, 
represent new and presumably extinct species. The turtles of 
stratum No. 3, according to Dr. Hay’s determination, include eight 
species of which four, or 50 per cent, are unknown in the recent 
fauna. In addition one of the remaining four forms is believed to be 
sub-specifically distinct from the modern. The plants from stratum 
No. 3 as determined by Professor Be.rry include twenty-seven 
species, of which one is extinct. If we consider the geographic 
range, however, the plants make a much more favorable showing. 
Of the twenty-seven specie.s, five, according to Berry, or approxi¬ 
mately 20 per cent, do not at present extend their range into Florida. 
The insects of this deposit have not yet been determined. A 
mite, obtained by Mr. Berry while collecting fossil plants, has been 
determined by Mr. Nathan Banks as belonging to the genus Oribella, 
and as possibly representing a new species, although not all of the 
types of the described species have yet been compared. 
The evidence derived from a study of the animals and plants is 
thus consistent and supports the reference of the deposits, including 
stratum No. 3, where the human remains and artifacts are so numer¬ 
ous, to the Pleistocene period. 
The invertebrate fauna of the deposit is fairly well known. A 
list of the. land and fresh-water mollusks associated with the verte¬ 
brates was given in the Eighth Annual Report of this Survey. This 
group was found to include twenty-eight species, all of which are 
represented in the existing fauna. The invertebrates of the marine 
