142 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. 
other hand, he holds to the idea that the deposits of the stream bed 
include two time divisions as was originally suggested by the pres¬ 
ent writer, and in addition now maintains that the. human remains 
are confined to the upper of the two divisions which he believes to 
be of mid-Recent age. The extinct species of this fauna he. regards 
as characterizing the lower of the two divisions of the stream de¬ 
posit and assumes that those extinct species which are found with 
the human remains and artifacts in the upper deposit of the stream 
bed, or at least most of them, are inclusions from the lower bed. In 
other words, while, the fossil vertebrates of the lower stream bed are 
now recognized by him as primary, the extinct species of the upper 
bed are held to be secondary. 
The second hypothesis offered by Chamberlin is equally as un¬ 
tenable, the writer believes, as the first offered by him. The essen¬ 
tial assumption of the first hypothesis, that the vertebrate fossils 
had washed from farther inland, fails to stand the test of field 
investigation, and the. essential contention of the second hypothesis, 
that the extinct species found in stratum No. 3 of the stream deposit 
are secondary, is dispelled by evidence already at hand. The evi¬ 
dence as to the age of the deposits derived from the study of the 
fossil plants, although published in the same issue of the Journal of 
Geology as his own paper, was not, as the writer understands, avail¬ 
able to Dr. Chamberlin at the time his paper was prepared. This 
evidence from the fossil plants, which is presented in full in the 
present report, as well as in abstract in the Journal, leads to the 
conclusion that stratum No. 3 of the section in the stream bed is of 
Pleistocene age. The association of the plants with the human 
remains and artifacts is intimate., and there is no question as to 
their place in the section. In addition, much new evidence has 
been added from the study of the vertebrate fossils. Among new 
mammalian species is the extinct deer which has now been fully 
described by Dr. O. P. Hay (this volume, pp. 5 °" 57 )- This deer 
is one of the abundant fossils of stratum No. 3, its bones being 
found not only in such abundance, but also in such association of 
parts as to preclude any reasonable doubt that they are primary 
fossils in this stratum. The evidence from the mammals, however, 
is by no means confined to this one species, but includes that of the 
various other species that have been described from this deposit. 
Nor is the evidence among vertebrate fossils confined to the mam¬ 
mals. The bird bones, among which are found representatives of 
