WATER SURREY OR EASTERN AND SOUTHERN FLORIDA. 165 
flowing wells. In this section, however, non-flowing artesian 
water may be obtained which will stand within a few feet of the 
surface. 
LOCAL DETAILS. 
CALLAHAN. 
There are several flowing wells at and in the vicinity of Cal¬ 
lahan, varying from 410 to 489.7 feet in depth. Three different 
water-bearing strata are reported in all the deeper wells at Cal¬ 
lahan, the -first occurring at about 50, the second at from 160 to 
200, and the third at 400 to 425 feet. The water from the first 
stratum does not flow, but rises to within 6 to 10 feet of the 
surface, and is found in a shell formation. The water from the 
other two strata rises from 28 to 48 feet above the surface. 
The first deep or artesian well at Callahan was drilled in 
1904. This well was put down at the instance of several of the 
residents, by D. C. Stafford. It is a three-inch well and reported 
to be about 400 feet deep. The main source of domestic water 
supply at Callahan until the completion of this well had been 
shallow wells. These wells, which vary in depth from 25 to 60 
feet, obtain their water supply chiefly from the underlying sands 
and clays. The water from these sands and clays, while soft 
and very desirable for domestic purposes, seemed to be contami¬ 
nated by surface impurities as was indicated by the many cases 
of typhoid fever. Several of the citizens suspected that this sick¬ 
ness was due to the drinking of this surface water and their 
combined efforts resulted in the completion of this first artesian 
well. Since the completion of this and other deep wells the 
healthfulness of the locality has greatly improved. 
A three-inch well drilled for J. R. Wilson in 1908 by H. C. 
Russell reached a total depth of 412 feet. It is reported cased 
188 feet and has a pressure of 21 pounds, as shown by the pres¬ 
sure gauge February 3, 1910, or a head of 48.51 feet above the 
surface. The elevation of the depot at Callahan, as given by the 
Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, is 20 feet above sea. The location 
of the above well is approximately 2 feet lower than the depot. 
