THE ARTESIAN WATER SUPPLY OF EASTERN FLORIDA. 
129 
by D. C. Stafford. It is a three-inch well and reported to be 
about 410- feet deep. The main source of domestic water supply 
at Callahan until the completion of this well had been shallow 
wells. These wells which vary in depth from: 25 to 60 feet, obtain 
their water supply chiefly from the underlying sands and clays. 
The water from these sands and clays while soft and very desir¬ 
able for domestic purposes seemed to be contaminated by surface 
impurities as was indicated by the many cases of typhoid fever. 
Several of the citizens suspected that this sickness was due to the 
drinking of this surface water and their combined efforts resulted 
in the completion of this first artesian well. Since the completion 
of this and other deep wells the healthfulness of the locality 
has greatly improved. 
A three-inch well drilled for J. R. Wilson in 1908 by H. C. 
Russell reached a total depth of 412 feet. It is reported cased 
188 feet and has a pressure of 21 pounds as shown by the pressure 
gauge February 3, 1910, or a head of 48.51 feet above the surface. 
The elevation of the depot at Callahan as given by the Atlantic 
Coast Line Railroad is 20 feet above sea. The location of the 
* above well is approximately 2 feet lower than the depot, or about 
18 feet above sea, thus making a total head of 66.51 feet above sea. 
Another three-inch well was drilled by H. C. Russell for T. 
R. Wells and Brother. This well reached a total depth of 420 
feet and is cased 192 feet. The pressure of this well as shown by 
the pressure gauge, February 3, 1910, was 19 pounds or a head 
43.89 feet above the surface. The elevation of the well is approxi¬ 
mately 3 feet higher than the depot or 5 feet higher than the Wil¬ 
son well. The head would thus be 66.89 feet above sea or about 
the same as that of the Wilson well. 
In February, 1910, FI. C. Russell completed a second well for 
J. R. Wilson. This well is located about three-fourths of a mile 
east of Callahan. It is a three-inch well and reaches a total depth 
of 489.7 feet. 212 feet of 3 inch casing was used. The first flow 
in this well was encountered at 200 feet, the second at 275 feet and 
the third at 425 feet. Although the drilling in this well was con¬ 
tinued to a depth of 489.7 feet it is reported that no increase of 
water was obtained below 460 feet. The following is a log of this 
well as constructed from the notes kept by the driller and from 
samples of the drillings saved by him: 
Feet. 
Sand .. 0-2 
Red clay . 2-10 
Blue clay and sand . 10-45 
G 9 
