Alatorre-Ramirez et al.: Trophic segregation of mixed schools of Thunnus albacares and Katsuwonus pelamis 
255 
Table 1 
Trophic levels of prey species (TLj) present in the diets of yellowfin tuna {Thunnus albacares) and skipjack tuna {Katsuwonus 
pelamis) caught in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean in 2005. The values of TLj for each prey species were obtained in the 
references cited in the table and provided below 
Prey item 
TLj 
References 
Cephalopoda 
Teuthoidea 
3.20 
Cortes, 1999^ 
Lepidoteuthidae 
Pholidoteuthis boschmai 
3.20 
Cortes, 1999^ 
Loliginidae 
Lolliguncula {Loliolopsis) diomedeae 
3.20 
Cortes, 1999^ 
Onychoteuthidae 
Onychoteuthis banksii 
3.20 
Cortes, 1999^ 
Ommastrephidae 
Dosidicus gigas 
3.20 
Cortes, 1999^ 
Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis 
3.20 
Cortes, 1999^ 
Thysanoteuthidae 
Thysanoteuthis rhombus 
3.20 
Cortes, 1999^ 
Mastigoteuthidae 
Mastigoteuthis dentata 
3.20 
Cortes, 1999^ 
Octopoda 
Bolitaenidae 
Japetella diaphana 
3.20 
Cortes, 1999^ 
Argonautidae 
Argonauta spp. 
3.20 
Cortes, 1999^ 
Octopodidae 
Octopus rubescens 
3.20 
Cortes, 1999^ 
Crustacea 
Squillidae 
Squillid mantis shrimps 
2.52 
Cortes, 1999^ 
Euphausiidae 
Nyctiphanes simplex 
2.52 
Cortes, 1999^ 
Galatheidae 
Pleuroncodes planipes 
2.52 
Cortes, 1999^ 
Penaeidae 
Penaeid shrimps 
2.52 
Cortes, 1999^ 
Teleostei 
Clupeidae 
Harengula thrissina 
3.10 
Whitehead and Rodriguez-Sanchez, 1995^ 
Phosichthyidae 
Vinciguerria lucetia 
3.00 
Lipskaya, 1985'^ 
Hemiramphidae 
Oxyporhamphus micropterus 
3.10 
Lipskaya 1987"^ 
Exocoetidae 
Exocoetus spp. 
3.10 
Lipskaya 1987'^ 
Exocoetus monocirrhus 
3.10 
Gorelova 1980^ 
Exocoetus volitans 
3.10 
Lipskaya 1987"^ 
Hirundichthys spp. 
3.10 
Lipskaya 1987^ 
Carangidae 
Jacks 
4.20 
Cortes 1999^ 
Seriola lalandi 
4.10 
Craig 1960® 
Coryphaenidae 
Coryphaena hippurus 
4.50 
Palko et al. 1982^ 
Bramidae 
Brama spp. 
4.40 
Watanabe et al. 2006® 
Gempylidae 
Gempylus spp. 
4.35 
Nakamura 1995® 
Scombridae 
Auxis spp. 
4.34 
Blaber et al. 1990^® 
Nomeidae 
Cubiceps pauciradiatus 
3.50 
Gorelova et al. 1994^^ 
Balistidae 
Balistes polylepis 
3.34 
Grove and Lavenberg 1997^^ 
Ostraciidae 
Lactoria diaphana 
3.50 
Grove and Lavenberg 1997^^ 
^ Cortes, E. 1999. Standardized diet compositions and trophic levels of sharks. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 56:707-717. 
^ Whitehead, P. J. R, and R. Rodriguez-Sanchez. 1995. Pristigasteridae. Arenquillas, sardinetas. In Guia FAO para la iden- 
tificacion de especies para los fines de la pesca. Pacffico centro-oriental. Volumen III. Vertebrados—parte 2 (W. Fischer, F. 
Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K. E. Carpenter, and V. Niem, eds.), p. 1409-1417. FAO, Rome. 
^ Lipskaya, N. Y. 1985. Feeding of larvae and fry of Vinciguerria lucetia (Garman) (Gonostomatidae) in the Southeast Pacific. 
In Feeding and food supply of fishes at different life stages as the factor of formation of their abundance, growth and aggrega¬ 
tions (M. I. Tarverdieva, N. Y. Lipskaya, and I. Y. Ponomarenko, eds.), p. 79-88. VNIRO, Moscow, Russia. 
^ Lipskaya, N.Y. 1987. Feeding of flyingfish (Exocoetidae) larvae and fingerlings in the region of the Peruvian upwelling. J. 
Ichthyol. 27:108-116. 
^ Gorelova, T. A. 1980. The feeding of young flyingfishes of the family Exocoetidae and of the smallwing flyingfish, Oxyporh- 
amphus micropterus, of the family Hemirhamphidae. J. Ichthyol. 20:60-71. 
® Craig, W. L. 1960. Food and feeding. In A study of the yellowtail Seriola dorsalis (J. L. Baxter, ed.), p. 35-46. Calif Dep. 
Fish Game, Fish Bull. 110. 
^Palko, B. J., G. L. Beardsley, and W. J. Richards. 1982. Synopsis of the biological data on dolphin-fishes, Coryphaena hippurus 
Linnaeus and Coryphaena equiselis Linnaeus. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS Circ. 443, 28 p. 
® Watanabe, H., T. Kubodera, and S. Kawahara. 2006. Summer feeding habits of the Pacific pomfret Brama japonica in the 
transitional and subarctic waters of the central North Pacific. J. Fish Biol. 68:1436-1450 
® Nakamura, 1. 1995. Gempylidae. Escolares. Jn Gufa FAO para la identificacion de especies para los fines de la pesca. Paci- 
fico centro-oriental. Vol. 11. Vertebrados—parte 1 (W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K. E. Carpenter, and V. Niem, 
eds.), p. 1106-1113. FAO, Rome. 
Blaber, S. J. M., D. A. Milton, N. J. F. Rawlinson, G. Tiroba, and P. V. Nichols. 1990. Diets of lagoon fishes of the Solomon Is¬ 
lands: predators of tuna baitfish and trophic effects of baitfishing on the subsistence fishery. Fish. Res. 8:263-286. 
Gorelova, T. A., T. B. Agafonova, and N. Y. Lipskaya. 1994. Feeding of cigarfishes (Genus Cubiceps, Stromateoidei). J. Ich¬ 
thyol. 34:70-82. 
Grove, J. S., and R. J. Lavenberg. 1997. The fishes of the Galapagos Islands, 863 p. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, CA. 
