CONTENTS. 
XV 
land for cultivation and the necessity for improved communications—The 
great rivers, the future commercial highways of Siberia—Voyage up the 
Yenisej in 1875—Sibiriakoif’s Island—The tundra —primeval Siberian 
forest—The inhabitants of Western Siberia : the Russians, the Exiles, the 
“Asiatics”—Ways of travelling on the Yenisej : dog-boats, floating trading 
stores propelled by steam—New prospects for Siberia . Pages 357—397 
CHAPTER IX. 
The new Siberian Islands — The Mammoth — Discovery of Mammoth and 
Rhinoceros mummies—Fossil Rhinoceros horns—Stolbovoj Island—Liachoff 
Island—First discovery of this island—Passage through the sound between 
this island and the mainland—Animal life there—Formation of ice in water 
above the freezing point—The Bear Islands—The quantity and dimensions 
of the ice begin to increase—Different kinds of sea-ice—Renewed attempt to 
leave the open channel along the coast—Lighthouse Island—Voyage along 
the coast to Cape Schelagskog—Advance delayed by ice, shoals, and fog 
—First meeting with the Chukches—Landing and visits to Chukch villages 
—Discovery of abandoned encampments—Trade with the natives rendered 
difficult by the want of means of exchange—Stay at Irkaipij—Onkilon 
graves—Information regarding the Onkilon race—Renewed contact with the 
Chukches—Kolyutschin Bay—American statements regarding the state of 
the ice north of Behring’s Straits—The Vega beset . Pages 398—461 
CHAPTER X. 
Wintering becomes necessary—The position of the Vega—TYie ice round the 
vessel— American ship in the neighbourhood of the Vega when frozen in— 
The nature of the neighbouring country—The Vega is prepared for wintering 
—Provision-depot and observatories established on land—The winter dress 
—Temperature on board—Health and dietary—Cold, wind, and snow—The 
Chukches on board—Menka’s visit—Letters sent home—Nordquist and 
Hovgaard’s excursion to Menka’s encampment—Another visit of Menka— 
The fate of the letters—Nordquist’s journey to Pidlin— Find of a Chukch 
grave—Hunting—Scientific work—Life on board—Christmas Eve. 
Pages 462-524 
