SIV 
CONTENTS. 
the Kara Sea—Animals, Plants, Bog-ore—Passage across the Kara Sea—The 
Influence of the Ice on the Sea-hottoin—Fresh-water Diatoms on Sea-ice— 
Arrival at Port Dickson—Animal Life there—Settlers and Settlements at the 
Mouth of the Yenisej—The Flora at Port Dickson—Evertebrates—Excursion 
to White Island—Yalmal—Previous Visits—Nummelin’s Wintering on the 
Briochov Islands ........ Pages 171—214 
CHAPTER Y. 
The history of the North-east Passage from 1556 to 1878—Burrough, 1556—Pet 
and Jackman, 1580—The first voyage of the Dutch, 1594—Oliver Brunei— 
The second voyage, 1595—The third voyage, 1596—Hudson, 1608—Gourdon, 
1611—Bosman, 1625—Dela Martinim’e, 1653—Vlamingh, 1664—Snobberger, 
1675— Roule reaches a land north of Novaya Zemlya—Wood and Flawes, 
1676— Discussion in England concerning the state of the ice in the Polar Sea 
■—Views of the condition of the Polar Sea still divided—Payer and 
Weyprecht, 1872-74 ....... Pages 215—267 
CHAPTER VI. 
The North-east Voyages of the Russians and Norwegians—Rodivan Ivanov, 
1690—The Great Northern Expedition 1734-37—The supposed Richness in 
metals of Novaya Zemlya—luschkov, 1757—Savva Loschkin, 1760— 
Rossmuislov, 1768 — Lasarev, 1819—Liitke, 1821-24—Ivanov, 1822-28— 
Pachtussov, 1832-35—Von Baer, 1837—Zivolka and Moissejev, 1838-39— 
Von Krusenstern, 1860-62—The Origin and History of the Polar Sea 
Hunting—Carlsen, 1868—Ed. Johannesen, 1869-70—Ulve, Mack, and 
Quale, 1870—Mack, 1871-—Discovery of the Relics of Barent’s wintering 
—Tobiesen’s wintering 1872-73—The Swedish Expeditions 1875 and 1876 
—Wiggins, 1876—Later voyages to and from the Yenisej Pages 268—317 
CHAPTER VII. 
Departure from Port Dickson—Landing on a rocky island east of the Yenisej— 
Self-dead animals—Discovery of crystals on the surface of the drift-ice— 
Cosmic dust—Stay in Actinia Bay—Johannesen’s discovery of tiie island 
Ensamheten—Arrival at Cape Chelyuskin—The natural state of the land and 
sea there—Attempt to penetrate right eastwards to the New Siberian Islands 
—The effect of the mist—Abundant dredging-yield—Preobraschenie Island— 
Separation from the Lena at the mouth of the river Lena. Pages 318—356 
CHAPTER VIIL 
'J'he voyage of the Fraser and the Express up the Yenisej and their return to 
Norway—Contract for the piloting of the Lena, up the Lena river—The 
voyage of the Ijena through the delta and up the river to Yakutsk—The 
natural state of Siberia in geiieral—4'he river territories—Th<‘ fitness of the 
