CHAP. I.] 
CHANCELOR’S VISIT TO MOSCOW. 
67 
finally readied the mouth of the river Dwina in the White Sea, 
where a small monastery was then standing at the place where 
Archangel is now situated. By friendly treatment he soon won 
the confidence of the inhabitants, who received him with great 
hospitality. They, however, immediately sent off a courier to 
inform Czar Ivan Vasilievitsch of the remarkable occurrence. 
The result was that Chancelor was invited to the court at 
Moscow, where he and his companions passed a part of the 
winter, well entertained by the Czar. The following summer he 
returned with his vessel to England. Thus a commercial con¬ 
nection was brought about, which soon became of immense 
importance to both nations, and within a few years gave 
rise to a number of voyages, of which I cannot here give any 
account,* as they have no connection with the history of the 
North-east Passage.^ 
Great geographer or seaman Sir Hugh Willoughby clearly 
was not, but his and his followers’ voluntary self-sacrifice and 
undaunted courage have a strong claim on our admiration. Incal¬ 
culable also was the influence which the voyages of Willoughby 
and Chancelor had upon English commerce, and on the develop, 
ment of the whole of Russia, and of the north of Norway. From 
the monastery at the mouth of the Dwina a flourishing com¬ 
mercial town has arisen, and a numerous population has settled 
on the coast of the Polar Sea, formerly so desolate. Already 
there is regular steam and telegraphic communication to the 
^ Writings on these voyages are exceedingly numerous. An account of 
them was published for the first time in Hakluyt, The principael Naviga¬ 
tions, Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation, Sc., London, 1589 ; 
Ordinances, King Edivard’s Pass, Sc., p. 259 ; Copy of Sir Hugh Wil¬ 
loughby's Journal, with a List of all the Members of the Expedition, p. 265 ; 
Clement Adams' Account of Chancelor's Voyage, p. 270, &c. The same 
documents were afterwards printed in Purchas’ Pilgrimage, iii. p. 211. 
For those who wish to study the literature of this subject further, T may 
refer to Fr. von Adelung, Kritisch-literdrische Ubersicht der Peisenden in 
Russland, St. Petersburg and Leipzig, 1846, p. 200; and I. Hamel, I'rade^- 
caut der Aeltere 1618 in Tiussland, St. Petersburg and Leipzig, 1847. 
F P 
